Frank D Mann1, Adolfo G Cuevas2, Robert F Krueger3. 1. Department of Family, Population, and Preventative Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Health Sciences Center, Level 3, Room 071, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. Electronic address: frank.mann@stonybrookmedicine.edu. 2. Department of Community Health, Tufts University, 574 Boston Avenue, Suite 208, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. 3. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 7 E River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present study tested a hierarchical model of cumulative stress in a large probability sample of adults from the United States. METHODS: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were used to develop and test a hierarchical model of cumulative stress. Structural equation models were used to estimate concurrent associations with demographic factors, polygenic risk scores, and physical health outcomes, as well as prospective associations with physical health outcomes. RESULTS: A hierarchical model of cumulative stress was the best-fitting model, with a general "s-factor" capturing the tendency for subordinate dimensions of stress to correlate. Associations with demographic factors and polygenic risk scores for physical and psychological phenotypes provide evidence for the convergent validity of a general s-factor of cumulative stress. The general s-factor and subordinate factors of cumulative stress were also associated with physical health outcomes, concurrently and prospectively, including number of chronic conditions, body mass index, and difficulty with activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: Like other human individual differences, the co-occurrence of social stressors can be understood using a hierarchical model.
OBJECTIVE: The present study tested a hierarchical model of cumulative stress in a large probability sample of adults from the United States. METHODS: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were used to develop and test a hierarchical model of cumulative stress. Structural equation models were used to estimate concurrent associations with demographic factors, polygenic risk scores, and physical health outcomes, as well as prospective associations with physical health outcomes. RESULTS: A hierarchical model of cumulative stress was the best-fitting model, with a general "s-factor" capturing the tendency for subordinate dimensions of stress to correlate. Associations with demographic factors and polygenic risk scores for physical and psychological phenotypes provide evidence for the convergent validity of a general s-factor of cumulative stress. The general s-factor and subordinate factors of cumulative stress were also associated with physical health outcomes, concurrently and prospectively, including number of chronic conditions, body mass index, and difficulty with activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: Like other human individual differences, the co-occurrence of social stressors can be understood using a hierarchical model.
Authors: Roman Kotov; Robert F Krueger; David Watson; Thomas M Achenbach; Robert R Althoff; R Michael Bagby; Timothy A Brown; William T Carpenter; Avshalom Caspi; Lee Anna Clark; Nicholas R Eaton; Miriam K Forbes; Kelsie T Forbush; David Goldberg; Deborah Hasin; Steven E Hyman; Masha Y Ivanova; Donald R Lynam; Kristian Markon; Joshua D Miller; Terrie E Moffitt; Leslie C Morey; Stephanie N Mullins-Sweatt; Johan Ormel; Christopher J Patrick; Darrel A Regier; Leslie Rescorla; Camilo J Ruggero; Douglas B Samuel; Martin Sellbom; Leonard J Simms; Andrew E Skodol; Tim Slade; Susan C South; Jennifer L Tackett; Irwin D Waldman; Monika A Waszczuk; Thomas A Widiger; Aidan G C Wright; Mark Zimmerman Journal: J Abnorm Psychol Date: 2017-03-23
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