| Literature DB >> 34559488 |
Mirta Cavieres1, Marcelo Suárez2, Gabriel Verón3, Luis Abel Quiñones3, Nelson Miguel Varela4.
Abstract
We present the clinical case of a 10-year-old patient diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy who registered INR values above 10 upon receiving standard doses of acenocoumarol, as well as other values reported as uncoagulable, forcing the discontinuation and restart of treatment more than once. Expected and stable INR levels were achieved after more than 30 days of treatment, surprisingly with half the recommended dose for a patient of her age and weight. We decided to conduct a retrospective pharmacogenomic analysis including nucleotide genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) with different degrees of association with the dose/response to antivitamin K (AVK) drugs: rs2108622 (gene CYP4F2), rs9923231, rs7294 (gene VKORC1), rs1799853, and rs1057910 (CYP2C9 gene) using TaqMan® RT-PCR. The patient was homozygous for rs9923231 (VKORC1) and heterozygous for rs2108622 (CYP4F2),a genetic profile strongly associated with a requirement of lower AVK doses as shown by national and international evidence. In conclusion, the pharmacogenetic analysis confirmed that this patient’s genetic conditions, involving low expression of the VKA therapeutic target, required a lower dose than that established in clinical protocols as recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the PharmGKB® for coumarin drugs. A previous genotypic analysis of the patient would have allowed reaching the therapeutic range sooner, thus avoiding potential bleeding risks. This shows the importance of pharmacogenetic analyses for highly variable treatments with a narrow therapeutic range.Entities:
Keywords: Acenocoumarol; pharmacogenetics; anticoagulants; vitamin K
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34559488 PMCID: PMC8519589 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5840
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Biomedica ISSN: 0120-4157 Impact factor: 0.935
Resultado de los genotipos estudiados en la paciente, fenotipo esperado y recomendación de dosis para acenocumarol según la evidencia
| Gen | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNP | rs9923231 | rs7294 | rs1799853 | rs1057910 | rs2108622 |
| Genotipo observado en la paciente | A/A | C/C | C/C | A/A | C/T |
| Homocigoto para el SNP | Homocigoto wt | Homocigoto wt | Homocigoto wt | Heterocigoto | |
| Fenotipo descrito para el genotipo observado* | Bajos niveles de la enzima VKOR | Bajo riesgo de hemorragias | Bajo riesgo de hemorragias | Bajo riesgo de hemorragias | Metabolismo intermedio de vitamina K hidroquinona |
| Recomendación de dosis para ACC* según genotipo observado | Dosis menor de la estándar | Dosis estándar | Dosis estándar | Dosis estándar | Dosis estándar |
| Nivel de evidencia* | Alto | Bajo | Bajo | Moderado | Moderado |
VKORC1: vitamina k epóxido reductasa c1; wt: Wild Type (alelo más frecuente); ACC: acenocumarol
Obtenido de https://www.pharmgkb.org
Figura 1Valores del INR y dosis de acenocumarol administradas a la paciente (10 años de edad; 29 kg de peso) en los primeros 33 días de tratamiento
Genes analizados y secuencias contexto
| Gen (SNP) | Tipo | Secuencia contexto | ID del ensayo |
|---|---|---|---|
| wt | GATTATAGGCGTGAGCCACCGCACC[C]GGCCAATGGTTGTTTTTCAGGTCTT | C__305840261_20 | |
| (rs9923231) | MAF | GATTATAGGCGTGAGCCACCGCACC[T]GGCCAATGGTTGTTTTTCAGGTCTT | |
| wt | GGCACATTTGGTCCATTGTCATGTG[C]GGGTATGGCAGGAGGAGGGGGTAAT | C___7473918_10 | |
| (rs7294) | MAF | GGCACATTTGGTCCATTGTCATGTG[T]GGGTATGGCAGGAGGAGGGGGTAAT | |
| wt | CCCCGCACCTCAGGGTCCGGCCACA[C]AGCTGGGTTGTGATGGGTTCCGAAA | C__16179493_40 | |
| (rs2108622) | MAF | CCCCGCACCTCAGGGTCCGGCCACA[T]AGCTGGGTTGTGATGGGTTCCGAAA | |
| wt | GATGGGGAAGAGGAGCATTGAGGAC[C]GTGTTCAAGAGGAAGCCCGCTGCCT | C__25625805_10 | |
| (rs1799853) | MAF | GATGGGGAAGAGGAGCATTGAGGAC[T]GTGTTCAAGAGGAAGCCCGCTGCCT | |
| wt | TGTGGTGCACGAGGTCCAGAGATAC[A]TTGACCTTCTCCCCACCAGCCTGCC | ||
| (rs1057910) | MAF | TGTGGTGCACGAGGTCCAGAGATAC[C]TTGACCTTCTCCCCACCAGCCTGCC | C__2710492_10 |
wt: Wild Type (alelo más frecuente); MAF: Minor Allele Frequency (alelo menos frecuente); [N]: cambio nucleotídlco que da cuenta del polimorfismo de un solo nucleótldo o SNP. Extraído de TaqMan® SNP Genotyplng Assays (Número de catálogo: 4362691), ThermoFlsher Scientific®