Chromosome changes in bladder cancer: clinical and other correlations.

The chromosome changes in bladder cancer are reviewed with particular emphasis on the application of recent advances in techniques for cytogenetic analyses of bladder cancer and the establishment of nonrandom (specific) karyotypic changes characterizing a significant number of bladder cancers. At present, these groups are characterized by one of the following cytogenetic changes: i(5p), +7, or -9. The results are discussed in relation to the significance of these changes and possible involvement of some oncogenes and other gene loci.