Yuchen Qi1, Jeffrey Shaman2, Sen Pei2. 1. Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 2. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented to suppress transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Evidence indicates that NPIs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may also have effects on transmission of seasonal influenza. METHODS: In this study, we use an absolute humidity-driven susceptible-infectious-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) model to quantify the reduction of influenza incidence and transmission in the United States and US Department of Health and Human Services regions after implementation of NPIs in 2020. We investigate long-term effect of NPIs on influenza incidence by projecting influenza transmission at the national scale over the next 5 years, using the SIRS model. RESULTS: We estimate that incidence of influenza A/H1 and B, which circulated in early 2020, was reduced by more than 60% in the United States during the first 10 weeks following implementation of NPIs. The reduction of influenza transmission exhibits clear geographical variation. After the control measures are relaxed, potential accumulation of susceptibility to influenza infection may lead to a large outbreak, the scale of which may be affected by length of the intervention period and duration of immunity to influenza. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare systems need to prepare for potential influenza patient surges and advocate vaccination and continued precautions.
BACKGROUND: Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented to suppress transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Evidence indicates that NPIs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may also have effects on transmission of seasonal influenza. METHODS: In this study, we use an absolute humidity-driven susceptible-infectious-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) model to quantify the reduction of influenza incidence and transmission in the United States and US Department of Health and Human Services regions after implementation of NPIs in 2020. We investigate long-term effect of NPIs on influenza incidence by projecting influenza transmission at the national scale over the next 5 years, using the SIRS model. RESULTS: We estimate that incidence of influenza A/H1 and B, which circulated in early 2020, was reduced by more than 60% in the United States during the first 10 weeks following implementation of NPIs. The reduction of influenza transmission exhibits clear geographical variation. After the control measures are relaxed, potential accumulation of susceptibility to influenza infection may lead to a large outbreak, the scale of which may be affected by length of the intervention period and duration of immunity to influenza. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare systems need to prepare for potential influenza patient surges and advocate vaccination and continued precautions.
Authors: Shuxuan Song; Qian Li; Li Shen; Minghao Sun; Zurong Yang; Nuoya Wang; Jifeng Liu; Kun Liu; Zhongjun Shao Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2022-03-29
Authors: Sheikh Taslim Ali; Yiu Chung Lau; Songwei Shan; Sukhyun Ryu; Zhanwei Du; Lin Wang; Xiao-Ke Xu; Dongxuan Chen; Jiaming Xiong; Jungyeon Tae; Tim K Tsang; Peng Wu; Eric H Y Lau; Benjamin J Cowling Journal: Lancet Glob Health Date: 2022-11 Impact factor: 38.927