James K Gibb1,2, Mostafa Shokoohi3, Travis Salway4,5,6, Lori E Ross3. 1. Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada. 2. Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. 3. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. 5. British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 6. Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Access to sufficient, safe, culturally appropriate, and nutritious food is essential for maintaining both physical and mental health. Despite a growing body of evidence suggesting that sexual minority (SM) people experience significant disparities in socioeconomic and material resource security, there remains a paucity of empirical studies examining the prevalence of food insecurity among SM people relative to their heterosexual peers. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of adult and household food insecurity across sexual orientation groups in the United States after adjusting for multiple covariates. METHODS: We combined 7 cycles of US NHANES, 2003-2016 (N = 21,300) to examine sexual orientation-based disparities in adult food security among lesbian/gay (n = 373), bisexual (n = 606), same-sex experienced (SSE, n = 693), other sexual minorities (OSMs, n = 88), and heterosexual (n = 19,540) people. Food (in)security was measured using the US Food Security Survey Module and categorized as secure, marginally insecure, moderately insecure, and severely insecure. RESULTS: Severe adult food insecurity was higher among bisexuals (17.16%; 95% CI: 14.36, 20.38), SSE (13.71%; 95% CI: 11.34, 16.48), OSMs (12.50%; 95% CI: 7.04, 21.24), and lesbians/gays (13.14%; 95% CI: 10.07, 16.97) compared with heterosexuals (8.23%; 95% CI: 7.85, 8.62). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, age, citizenship, education, household size, income, cycle year, emergency food use, and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation showed that bisexuals, OSMs, SSE, and lesbians/gays were more likely to experience moderate to severe food insecurity compared with heterosexuals. CONCLUSIONS: SM people are significantly more likely to experience increased likelihood of food insecurity relative to their heterosexual peers.
BACKGROUND: Access to sufficient, safe, culturally appropriate, and nutritious food is essential for maintaining both physical and mental health. Despite a growing body of evidence suggesting that sexual minority (SM) people experience significant disparities in socioeconomic and material resource security, there remains a paucity of empirical studies examining the prevalence of food insecurity among SM people relative to their heterosexual peers. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of adult and household food insecurity across sexual orientation groups in the United States after adjusting for multiple covariates. METHODS: We combined 7 cycles of US NHANES, 2003-2016 (N = 21,300) to examine sexual orientation-based disparities in adult food security among lesbian/gay (n = 373), bisexual (n = 606), same-sex experienced (SSE, n = 693), other sexual minorities (OSMs, n = 88), and heterosexual (n = 19,540) people. Food (in)security was measured using the US Food Security Survey Module and categorized as secure, marginally insecure, moderately insecure, and severely insecure. RESULTS: Severe adult food insecurity was higher among bisexuals (17.16%; 95% CI: 14.36, 20.38), SSE (13.71%; 95% CI: 11.34, 16.48), OSMs (12.50%; 95% CI: 7.04, 21.24), and lesbians/gays (13.14%; 95% CI: 10.07, 16.97) compared with heterosexuals (8.23%; 95% CI: 7.85, 8.62). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, age, citizenship, education, household size, income, cycle year, emergency food use, and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation showed that bisexuals, OSMs, SSE, and lesbians/gays were more likely to experience moderate to severe food insecurity compared with heterosexuals. CONCLUSIONS: SM people are significantly more likely to experience increased likelihood of food insecurity relative to their heterosexual peers.
Authors: Jennifer M Jabson Tree; Jennifer Russomanno; Marissa Bartmess; Joel G Anderson Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2022-05-13 Impact factor: 4.135
Authors: Bailey Houghtaling; Matthew Greene; Kaustubh V Parab; Chelsea R Singleton Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-09-07 Impact factor: 4.614