Caroline Sarah Stokes1,2, Frank Lammert3,4. 1. Food and Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 2. Research Group Nutrients and Health, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany. 3. Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany. 4. Hannover Health Sciences Campus, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Approximately one fifth of adults are diagnosed with gallstones worldwide. Of these, around 25% develop gallstone disease (indicated by the presence of symptoms) and undergo cholecystectomy. SUMMARY: The risk of gallstones is influenced by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as excess body weight. In fact, body mass has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for symptomatic gallstones. Rapid weight loss can also initiate a prolithogenic state and further increase the likelihood of either gallstone formation or existing gallstones becoming symptomatic; however, sensible weight loss strategies can mitigate this risk. This review discusses the role of excess body weight and the risk of gallstone disease, as well as the options available for the prevention of symptomatic gallstones. KEY MESSAGES: Healthy weight loss diets combined with regular physical activity can promote successful weight loss and weight maintenance and reduce the risk of gallstones. Should rapid weight loss be required for health reasons or be expected, e.g., after bariatric surgery, prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid during the period of weight reduction has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of gallstones formation or symptomatic gallstone occurrence. The recent German guidelines on gallstones recommend simultaneous cholecystectomy during bariatric surgery but only for those with preexisting symptomatic stones.
BACKGROUND: Approximately one fifth of adults are diagnosed with gallstones worldwide. Of these, around 25% develop gallstone disease (indicated by the presence of symptoms) and undergo cholecystectomy. SUMMARY: The risk of gallstones is influenced by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as excess body weight. In fact, body mass has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for symptomatic gallstones. Rapid weight loss can also initiate a prolithogenic state and further increase the likelihood of either gallstone formation or existing gallstones becoming symptomatic; however, sensible weight loss strategies can mitigate this risk. This review discusses the role of excess body weight and the risk of gallstone disease, as well as the options available for the prevention of symptomatic gallstones. KEY MESSAGES: Healthy weight loss diets combined with regular physical activity can promote successful weight loss and weight maintenance and reduce the risk of gallstones. Should rapid weight loss be required for health reasons or be expected, e.g., after bariatric surgery, prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid during the period of weight reduction has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of gallstones formation or symptomatic gallstone occurrence. The recent German guidelines on gallstones recommend simultaneous cholecystectomy during bariatric surgery but only for those with preexisting symptomatic stones.
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Authors: D Festi; A Colecchia; M Orsini; A Sangermano; S Sottili; P Simoni; G Mazzella; N Villanova; F Bazzoli; D Lapenna; M L Petroni; S Pavesi; M Neri; E Roda Journal: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord Date: 1998-06
Authors: Carsten Gutt; Christian Jenssen; Ana-Paula Barreiros; Thorsten O Götze; Caroline S Stokes; Petra Lynen Jansen; Michael Neubrand; Frank Lammert Journal: Z Gastroenterol Date: 2018-08-13 Impact factor: 2.000