Choon Sung Lee1, Kun-Bo Park2, Chang Ju Hwang1, Jae Hwan Cho1, Dong-Ho Lee1, Sehan Park3. 1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: birdone86@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Preservation of the more mobile lumbar segments is important during thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis surgery; however, the remaining disc wedge angle (DWA) below lowermost instrumented vertebra (LIV) and vertebral body tilt below LIV (LIV+1 tilt) can cause curve progression. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative radiograph to predict the postoperative DWA below LIV and LIV+1 tilt on standing radiographs in patients with LIV of L3 or L4. STUDY DESIGN/ SETTING: Retrospective cohort study PATIENT SAMPLE: A total of 235 patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent posterior correction and fusion for the structural thoracolumbar curve and were followed up for >5 years were reviewed. OUTCOME MEASURES: DWA below LIV, LIV+1 tilt, Cobb angle, trunk shift, apical vertebra translation, and pelvic parameters were measured. METHODS: Correlation between intraoperative and postoperative measurements of DWA below LIV and LIV+1 tilt were assessed. Additional analysis was performed to identify risk factors and prognosis of LIV+1 tilt ≥10° and DWA below LIV of ≥4° RESULTS: LIV+1 tilt measured on intraoperative radiograph was significantly correlated with the postoperative 5-day and postoperative 5-year evaluation in both groups. However, the intraoperative DWA below LIV was only correlated with the postoperative 5-year value in the L3 group (p=.018). At the 5-year follow-up, patients with LIV+1 tilt ≥10° on intraoperative radiography showed significantly greater LIV+1 tilt (p<.001), apical vertebral translation (p<.001), thoracic curve (p=.008), and thoracolumbar curve (p<.001) than patients with LIV+1 tilt <10°. Intraoperative DWA below LIV of ≥4° was only associated with higher DWA below LIV at the 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative measurement of LIV+1 tilt was correlated with long-term postoperative outcomes, and intraoperative LIV+1 tilt ≥10° was associated with a less favorable radiographic outcome. Intraoperative DWA below LIV demonstrated less correlation with postoperative values and was not a prognostic factor for other radiographic parameters.
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Preservation of the more mobile lumbar segments is important during thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis surgery; however, the remaining disc wedge angle (DWA) below lowermost instrumented vertebra (LIV) and vertebral body tilt below LIV (LIV+1 tilt) can cause curve progression. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative radiograph to predict the postoperative DWA below LIV and LIV+1 tilt on standing radiographs in patients with LIV of L3 or L4. STUDY DESIGN/ SETTING: Retrospective cohort study PATIENT SAMPLE: A total of 235 patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent posterior correction and fusion for the structural thoracolumbar curve and were followed up for >5 years were reviewed. OUTCOME MEASURES: DWA below LIV, LIV+1 tilt, Cobb angle, trunk shift, apical vertebra translation, and pelvic parameters were measured. METHODS: Correlation between intraoperative and postoperative measurements of DWA below LIV and LIV+1 tilt were assessed. Additional analysis was performed to identify risk factors and prognosis of LIV+1 tilt ≥10° and DWA below LIV of ≥4° RESULTS: LIV+1 tilt measured on intraoperative radiograph was significantly correlated with the postoperative 5-day and postoperative 5-year evaluation in both groups. However, the intraoperative DWA below LIV was only correlated with the postoperative 5-year value in the L3 group (p=.018). At the 5-year follow-up, patients with LIV+1 tilt ≥10° on intraoperative radiography showed significantly greater LIV+1 tilt (p<.001), apical vertebral translation (p<.001), thoracic curve (p=.008), and thoracolumbar curve (p<.001) than patients with LIV+1 tilt <10°. Intraoperative DWA below LIV of ≥4° was only associated with higher DWA below LIV at the 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative measurement of LIV+1 tilt was correlated with long-term postoperative outcomes, and intraoperative LIV+1 tilt ≥10° was associated with a less favorable radiographic outcome. Intraoperative DWA below LIV demonstrated less correlation with postoperative values and was not a prognostic factor for other radiographic parameters.