Qian Li1, Lan Guo1, Jiayu Zhang1, Feng Zhao2, Yin Hu2, Yangfeng Guo3, Xueying Du3, Sheng Zhang1, Xiao Yang2, Ciyong Lu1. 1. Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Public Health, Guangzhou, China. 2. Department of Refractive and Low Vision, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. 3. Health Promotion Center for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality, Guangzhou, China.
Abstract
Importance: Myopia is a common cause of vision loss, and its prevalence is increasing globally. Objective: To evaluate the effects of school-based family health education via WeChat in raising parents' awareness of myopia prevention and behavior and in controlling the development of myopia in children. Design, Setting, and Participants: A single-masked cluster randomized clinical trial of children was conducted from October 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, among grade 1 students from 12 primary schools in Guangzhou, China. The 12 primary schools were randomly selected in 2 districts and randomized to the intervention and control groups. All grade 1 students were invited to participate, and 688 students were included in the intervention group and 752 in the control group. Interventions: Weekly health education via the social media platform WeChat was provided to the parents in the intervention group. Main Outcomes and Measures: Data include results of eye examinations of children and questionnaires completed by parents. The primary outcome was the 2-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error (sphere of +0.5 cylinder) of at least -0.50 diopters (D). The secondary outcomes were the 2-year changes in the axis length and SE refraction, parental awareness, children's screen time, outdoor activities, and learning tools during COVID-19. Results: Among the 1525 children included at baseline (835 boys [54.8%]; mean [SD] age, 6.3 [0.5] years), 1244 competed the final assessment; the 2-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia was 106 of 544 (19.5%) in the intervention group and 171 of 700 (24.4%) in the control group (difference, 4.9% [95% CI, 0.3%-9.5%]; P = .04). The mean myopic shift in SE refraction in the intervention group (-0.82 D) was lower than that in the control group (-0.96 D; difference, -0.14 [95% CI, -0.22 to -0.06] D; P < .001). No difference in change in axial length was detected (difference, 0.02 [95% CI, -0.06 to 0.09] mm; P = .70). Conclusions and Relevance: School-based weekly family health education via WeChat resulted in a small decrease in the 2-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia with a difference in SE of less than 0.25 D not accompanied by any axial length differences. Whether these findings extrapolate elsewhere in the world or are clinically relevant in the short or long term remain to be determined. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900022236.
Importance: Myopia is a common cause of vision loss, and its prevalence is increasing globally. Objective: To evaluate the effects of school-based family health education via WeChat in raising parents' awareness of myopia prevention and behavior and in controlling the development of myopia in children. Design, Setting, and Participants: A single-masked cluster randomized clinical trial of children was conducted from October 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, among grade 1 students from 12 primary schools in Guangzhou, China. The 12 primary schools were randomly selected in 2 districts and randomized to the intervention and control groups. All grade 1 students were invited to participate, and 688 students were included in the intervention group and 752 in the control group. Interventions: Weekly health education via the social media platform WeChat was provided to the parents in the intervention group. Main Outcomes and Measures: Data include results of eye examinations of children and questionnaires completed by parents. The primary outcome was the 2-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error (sphere of +0.5 cylinder) of at least -0.50 diopters (D). The secondary outcomes were the 2-year changes in the axis length and SE refraction, parental awareness, children's screen time, outdoor activities, and learning tools during COVID-19. Results: Among the 1525 children included at baseline (835 boys [54.8%]; mean [SD] age, 6.3 [0.5] years), 1244 competed the final assessment; the 2-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia was 106 of 544 (19.5%) in the intervention group and 171 of 700 (24.4%) in the control group (difference, 4.9% [95% CI, 0.3%-9.5%]; P = .04). The mean myopic shift in SE refraction in the intervention group (-0.82 D) was lower than that in the control group (-0.96 D; difference, -0.14 [95% CI, -0.22 to -0.06] D; P < .001). No difference in change in axial length was detected (difference, 0.02 [95% CI, -0.06 to 0.09] mm; P = .70). Conclusions and Relevance: School-based weekly family health education via WeChat resulted in a small decrease in the 2-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia with a difference in SE of less than 0.25 D not accompanied by any axial length differences. Whether these findings extrapolate elsewhere in the world or are clinically relevant in the short or long term remain to be determined. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900022236.
Authors: Stuart Keel; Pirindha Govender-Poonsamy; Alarcos Cieza; Hannah Faal; Ian Flitcroft; Kate Gifford; Mingguang He; Rajiv Khandekar; Kovin Naidoo; Matt Oerding; Kyoko Ohno-Matsui; Silvio Mariotti; Christine Wildsoet; James S Wolffsohn; Tien Y Wong; Sangchul Yoon; Andreas Mueller; Rosie Dobson Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2022-05-26