Lauren Kari Dixon1, Ettorino Di Tommaso2, Arnaldo Dimagli3, Shubhra Sinha4, Manraj Sandhu5, Umberto Benedetto6, Gianni D Angelini7. 1. Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK. Electronic address: Lauren.Dixon@bristol.ac.uk. 2. Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK. Electronic address: fq18031@bristol.ac.uk. 3. Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK. Electronic address: arnaldo.dimagli@bristol.ac.uk. 4. Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK. Electronic address: shubhra.sinha@doctors.org.uk. 5. Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK. Electronic address: manraj.sandhu@bristol.ac.uk. 6. Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK. Electronic address: umberto.benedetto@bristol.ac.uk. 7. Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK. Electronic address: g.d.angelini@bristol.ac.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite advances in cardiac surgery, observational studies suggest that females have poorer post-operative outcomes than males. This study is the first to review sex related outcomes following both coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and valve surgery with or without combined CABG. METHODS: We identified 30 primary research articles reporting either short-term mortality (in-hospital/30 day), long-term mortality, and post-operative stroke, sternal wound infection and myocardial infarction (MI) in both sexes following CABG and valve surgery with or without combined CABG. Reported adjusted odds/hazard ratio were pooled using an inverse variance model. RESULTS: Females undergoing CABG and combined valve and CABG surgery were at higher risk of short-term mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-1.49; I2 = 79%) and post-operative stroke (OR 1.2; CI 1.07-1.34; I2 = 90%) when compared to males. However, for isolated AVR, there was no difference found (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.74-1.89). There was no increased risk in long-term mortality (OR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.93-1.16; I2 = 82%), post-operative MI (OR 1.22; 95%CI: 0.89-1.67; I2 = 60%) or deep sternal wound infection (OR 0.92; 95%CI: 0.65-1.03, I2 = 87%). No evidence of publication bias or small study effect was found. CONCLUSION: Females are at a greater risk of short-term mortality and post-operative stroke than males following CABG and valve surgery combined with CABG. However, there is no difference for Isolated AVR. Long-term mortality is equivalent in both sexes. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021244603.
BACKGROUND: Despite advances in cardiac surgery, observational studies suggest that females have poorer post-operative outcomes than males. This study is the first to review sex related outcomes following both coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and valve surgery with or without combined CABG. METHODS: We identified 30 primary research articles reporting either short-term mortality (in-hospital/30 day), long-term mortality, and post-operative stroke, sternal wound infection and myocardial infarction (MI) in both sexes following CABG and valve surgery with or without combined CABG. Reported adjusted odds/hazard ratio were pooled using an inverse variance model. RESULTS: Females undergoing CABG and combined valve and CABG surgery were at higher risk of short-term mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-1.49; I2 = 79%) and post-operative stroke (OR 1.2; CI 1.07-1.34; I2 = 90%) when compared to males. However, for isolated AVR, there was no difference found (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.74-1.89). There was no increased risk in long-term mortality (OR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.93-1.16; I2 = 82%), post-operative MI (OR 1.22; 95%CI: 0.89-1.67; I2 = 60%) or deep sternal wound infection (OR 0.92; 95%CI: 0.65-1.03, I2 = 87%). No evidence of publication bias or small study effect was found. CONCLUSION: Females are at a greater risk of short-term mortality and post-operative stroke than males following CABG and valve surgery combined with CABG. However, there is no difference for Isolated AVR. Long-term mortality is equivalent in both sexes. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021244603.
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