Irving L M H Aye1,2, Fredrick J Rosario2, Anita Kramer2, Oddrun Kristiansen3,4, Trond M Michelsen3,4, Theresa L Powell2,5, Thomas Jansson2. 1. Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, and Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA. 3. Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 4. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Circulating adiponectin levels are decreased in pregnant women with obesity or gestational diabetes, and this is believed to contribute to the insulin resistance and increased risk of fetal overgrowth associated with these conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating adiponectin secretion from maternal adipose tissues in pregnancy are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that obesity in pregnancy is associated with adipose tissue insulin resistance and increased adiponectin ubiquitination and degradation, caused by inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. METHODS: Visceral adipose tissues were collected from lean and obese pregnant humans and mice. Total and ubiquitinated adiponectin, and markers of inflammation, ER stress, and insulin resistance were examined in adipose tissues. The role of insulin, inflammation, and ER stress in mediating adiponectin ubiquitination and degradation was examined using 3T3L-1 adipocytes. RESULTS: Obesity in pregnancy is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, ER stress, insulin resistance, increased adiponectin ubiquitination, and decreased total abundance of adiponectin. Adiponectin ubiquitination was increased in visceral fat of obese pregnant women as compared to lean pregnant women. We further observed that insulin prevents, whereas ER stress and inflammation promote, adiponectin ubiquitination and degradation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CONCLUSION: We have identified adiponectin ubiquitination as a key mechanism by which obesity diminishes adiponectin secretion in pregnancy. This information will help us better understand the mechanisms controlling maternal insulin resistance and fetal growth in pregnancy and may provide a foundation for the development of strategies aimed at improving adiponectin production in pregnant women with obesity or gestational diabetes.
CONTEXT: Circulating adiponectin levels are decreased in pregnant women with obesity or gestational diabetes, and this is believed to contribute to the insulin resistance and increased risk of fetal overgrowth associated with these conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating adiponectin secretion from maternal adipose tissues in pregnancy are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that obesity in pregnancy is associated with adipose tissue insulin resistance and increased adiponectin ubiquitination and degradation, caused by inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. METHODS: Visceral adipose tissues were collected from lean and obese pregnant humans and mice. Total and ubiquitinated adiponectin, and markers of inflammation, ER stress, and insulin resistance were examined in adipose tissues. The role of insulin, inflammation, and ER stress in mediating adiponectin ubiquitination and degradation was examined using 3T3L-1 adipocytes. RESULTS: Obesity in pregnancy is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, ER stress, insulin resistance, increased adiponectin ubiquitination, and decreased total abundance of adiponectin. Adiponectin ubiquitination was increased in visceral fat of obese pregnant women as compared to lean pregnant women. We further observed that insulin prevents, whereas ER stress and inflammation promote, adiponectin ubiquitination and degradation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CONCLUSION: We have identified adiponectin ubiquitination as a key mechanism by which obesity diminishes adiponectin secretion in pregnancy. This information will help us better understand the mechanisms controlling maternal insulin resistance and fetal growth in pregnancy and may provide a foundation for the development of strategies aimed at improving adiponectin production in pregnant women with obesity or gestational diabetes.
Authors: Terry P Combs; Utpal B Pajvani; Anders H Berg; Ying Lin; Linda A Jelicks; Mathieu Laplante; Andrea R Nawrocki; Michael W Rajala; Albert F Parlow; Laurelle Cheeseboro; Yang-Yang Ding; Robert G Russell; Dirk Lindemann; Adam Hartley; Glynn R C Baker; Silvana Obici; Yves Deshaies; Marian Ludgate; Luciano Rossetti; Philipp E Scherer Journal: Endocrinology Date: 2003-10-23 Impact factor: 4.736