| Literature DB >> 34516798 |
Kirsten Grorud-Colvert1,2, Jenna Sullivan-Stack1, Callum Roberts3, Vanessa Constant1, Barbara Horta E Costa4,5, Elizabeth P Pike6,7, Naomi Kingston1,8, Dan Laffoley9,10, Enric Sala11,12, Joachim Claudet13,14, Alan M Friedlander15,16, David A Gill17, Sarah E Lester1,12, Jon C Day18, Emanuel J Gonçalves16,17,19,20, Gabby N Ahmadia21,22,23, Matt Rand9,7, Angelo Villagomez9,7, Natalie C Ban8,22, Georgina G Gurney23, Ana K Spalding18,19,10,24,2, Nathan J Bennett13,25, Johnny Briggs7, Lance E Morgan2, Russell Moffitt6,7, Marine Deguignet8, Ellen K Pikitch11,5, Emily S Darling22,14, Sabine Jessen6,26, Sarah O Hameed25,27, Giuseppe Di Carlo28, Paolo Guidetti29,30, Jean M Harris31, Jorge Torre32, Zafer Kizilkaya33, Tundi Agardy20,34, Philippe Cury4,35, Nirmal J Shah10,36, Karen Sack21,37, Ling Cao38, Miriam Fernandez24,39, Jane Lubchenco1,2.
Abstract
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are conservation tools intended to protect biodiversity, promote healthy and resilient marine ecosystems, and provide societal benefits. Despite codification of MPAs in international agreements, MPA effectiveness is currently undermined by confusion about the many MPA types and consequent wildly differing outcomes. We present a clarifying science-driven framework—The MPA Guide—to aid design and evaluation. The guide categorizes MPAs by stage of establishment and level of protection, specifies the resulting direct and indirect outcomes for biodiversity and human well-being, and describes the key conditions necessary for positive outcomes. Use of this MPA Guide by scientists, managers, policy-makers, and communities can improve effective design, implementation, assessment, and tracking of existing and future MPAs to achieve conservation goals by using scientifically grounded practices.Entities:
Year: 2021 PMID： 34516798 DOI： 10.1126/science.abf0861
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Science ISSN： 0036-8075 Impact factor: 47.728