Jacqueline A Augustine1,2, Wesley K Lefferts3,4, Jacob P DeBlois3, Tiago V Barreira3, Beth A Taylor5, Kan Liu6,7, Kevin S Heffernan3. 1. Kinesiology Department, School of Professional Studies, State University of New York at Cortland, Office 1149, Cortland, NY, 13045, USA. Jacqueline.augustin@cortland.edu. 2. Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA. Jacqueline.augustin@cortland.edu. 3. Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA. 4. Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. 5. Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. 6. Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA. 7. State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There are well-established sex differences in central hemodynamic and cardiac adaptations to endurance exercise; however, controversial evidence suggests that excessive endurance exercise may be related to detrimental cardiovascular adaptations in marathoners. PURPOSE: To examine left ventricle (LV) structure, LV function, 24-h central hemodynamics and ventricular-vascular coupling in male and female marathoners and recreationally active adults. METHODS: 52 marathoners (41 ± 5 years, n = 28 female, completed 6 ± 1 marathons/3 years) and 49 recreationally active controls (42 ± 5 years, n = 25 female) participated in the study. Three-Dimensional Echocardiography (3DE) was used to measure LV mass index and LV longitudinal (LS) circumferential (CS), area (AS), and radial strain (RS). An ambulatory blood pressure (BP) cuff was used to measure 24-h central hemodynamics (BP, pulse wave velocity, PWV, wave reflection index, RIx). Hemodynamic and 3DE measures were combined to derive the ratio of arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular elastance (Elv) as a global measure of ventricular-vascular coupling. RESULTS: There were no sex or group differences in LS, CS, AS, and RS (p > 0.05). Females marathoners had similar aortic BP (116 ± 9 vs. 113 ± 1 mmHg), and PWV (5.9 ± 0.5 vs. 5.9 ± 1.1 m/s) compared to female controls but lower aSBP (116 ± 9 vs. 131 ± 10 mmHg) and PWV (5.9 ± 0.5 vs. 6.2 ± 0.5 m/s) compared to male marathoners (p < 0.05). Female marathoners had lower Ea/Elv than female controls (0.67 ± 0.20 vs. 0.93 ± 0.36) and male marathoners (0.67 ± 0.20 vs. 0.85 ± 0.42, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Women that have completed multiple marathons do not have reduced LV function or increased aortic stiffness and may have better ventricular-vascular coupling compared to male marathoners and their female untrained counterparts.
INTRODUCTION: There are well-established sex differences in central hemodynamic and cardiac adaptations to endurance exercise; however, controversial evidence suggests that excessive endurance exercise may be related to detrimental cardiovascular adaptations in marathoners. PURPOSE: To examine left ventricle (LV) structure, LV function, 24-h central hemodynamics and ventricular-vascular coupling in male and female marathoners and recreationally active adults. METHODS: 52 marathoners (41 ± 5 years, n = 28 female, completed 6 ± 1 marathons/3 years) and 49 recreationally active controls (42 ± 5 years, n = 25 female) participated in the study. Three-Dimensional Echocardiography (3DE) was used to measure LV mass index and LV longitudinal (LS) circumferential (CS), area (AS), and radial strain (RS). An ambulatory blood pressure (BP) cuff was used to measure 24-h central hemodynamics (BP, pulse wave velocity, PWV, wave reflection index, RIx). Hemodynamic and 3DE measures were combined to derive the ratio of arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular elastance (Elv) as a global measure of ventricular-vascular coupling. RESULTS: There were no sex or group differences in LS, CS, AS, and RS (p > 0.05). Females marathoners had similar aortic BP (116 ± 9 vs. 113 ± 1 mmHg), and PWV (5.9 ± 0.5 vs. 5.9 ± 1.1 m/s) compared to female controls but lower aSBP (116 ± 9 vs. 131 ± 10 mmHg) and PWV (5.9 ± 0.5 vs. 6.2 ± 0.5 m/s) compared to male marathoners (p < 0.05). Female marathoners had lower Ea/Elv than female controls (0.67 ± 0.20 vs. 0.93 ± 0.36) and male marathoners (0.67 ± 0.20 vs. 0.85 ± 0.42, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Women that have completed multiple marathons do not have reduced LV function or increased aortic stiffness and may have better ventricular-vascular coupling compared to male marathoners and their female untrained counterparts.
Authors: Johan S R Clausen; Jacob L Marott; Andreas Holtermann; Finn Gyntelberg; Magnus T Jensen Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2018-08-28 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Vincent L Aengevaeren; Arend Mosterd; Thijs L Braber; Niek H J Prakken; Pieter A Doevendans; Diederick E Grobbee; Paul D Thompson; Thijs M H Eijsvogels; Birgitta K Velthuis Journal: Circulation Date: 2017-04-27 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Barry A Borlaug; Vojtech Melenovsky; Margaret M Redfield; Kristy Kessler; Hyuk-Jae Chang; Theodore P Abraham; David A Kass Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2007-10-01 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Kelli L Cain; Terry L Conway; Marc A Adams; Lisa E Husak; James F Sallis Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2013-04-25 Impact factor: 6.457