Literature DB >> 34508014

Organ Preservation in Patients with Rectal Cancer Treated with Total Neoadjuvant Therapy.

Rosa M Jimenez-Rodriguez1, Felipe Quezada-Diaz1, Irbaz Hameed1, Aleksandr Kalabin1, Sujata Patil2, J Joshua Smith1, Julio Garcia-Aguilar1.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies suggest that watch-and-wait is a safe alternative to total mesorectal excision in selected patients with a clinical complete response after chemoradiotherapy.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients with rectal cancer who may benefit from watch-and-wait.
DESIGN: This study is a retrospective analysis of data from prospectively maintained databases.
SETTING: This study was conducted at a comprehensive cancer center. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients with stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma who were treated with total neoadjuvant therapy using induction chemotherapy between 2012 and 2019 under the care of the same surgeon were included. INTERVENTION: Induction-type total neoadjuvant therapy consisted of 8 cycles of leucovorin-fluorouracil-oxaliplatin or 5 cycles of capecitabine-oxaliplatin before chemoradiotherapy. Patients with a clinical complete response were offered watch-and-wait, and patients with residual tumor were offered total mesorectal excision. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Tumor response was assessed with a digital rectal examination, endoscopy, and MRI. Patient characteristics and recurrence-free survival were compared between the watch-and-wait group and the total mesorectal excision group.
RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were included in the analysis. One (1%) died during neoadjuvant therapy. Fifty-five patients (62.5%) had an incomplete clinical response and underwent surgery, 10 (18%) of the 55 developed distant metastasis, and 3 (5%) developed local recurrence. The remaining 32 patients (36.3%) had a clinical complete response and underwent watch-and-wait. On average, patients in the watch-and-wait group were older and had smaller, more distal tumors compared with patients in the surgery group. The median radiation dose, number of chemotherapy cycles, rate of adverse events, and length of follow-up did not differ substantively between the total mesorectal excision group and the watch-and-wait group. In the watch-and-wait group, 2 (6%) patients developed tumor regrowth, and one of them had distant metastasis. Recurrence-free survival was significantly higher in the watch-and-wait group. LIMITATIONS: Generalizability, sample size, and follow-up duration were limitations of this study.
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one-third of patients with stage II or III rectal cancer can benefit from a watch-and-wait approach with the aim of preserving the rectum if treated with induction-type total neoadjuvant therapy and followed by an experienced multidisciplinary team. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B688. CONSERVACIN DE RGANOS EN PACIENTES CON CNCER DE RECTO TRATADOS CON TERAPIA NEOADYUVANTE TOTAL: ANTECEDENTES:Estudios retrospectivos sugieren que observar y esperar es una alternativa segura a la escisión mesorrectal total en pacientes seleccionados con una respuesta clínica completa después de la quimiorradioterapia.OBJETIVO:Determinar la proporción de pacientes con cáncer de recto que pueden beneficiarse de observar y esperar.DISEÑO:Análisis retrospectivo de datos de bases de datos mantenidas de forma prospectiva.ESCENARIO:Centro Oncológico Integral.PACIENTES:Pacientes consecutivos con adenocarcinoma de recto en estadio II o III tratados con TNT utilizando quimioterapia de inducción entre 2012 y 2019 bajo el cuidado del mismo cirujano.INTERVENCIÓN:La terapia neoadyuvante total de tipo inducción consistió en ocho ciclos de leucovorín-fluorouracilo-oxaliplatino o cinco ciclos de capecitabina-oxaliplatino antes de la quimiorradioterapia. A los pacientes con una respuesta clínica completa se les ofreció observar y esperar, y a los pacientes con tumor residual se les ofreció la escisión mesorrectal total.PRINCIPALES RESULTADOS Y MEDIDAS:La respuesta del tumor se evaluó con un tacto rectal, endoscopia y resonancia magnética. Se compararon las características de los pacientes y la supervivencia libre de recurrencia entre el grupo de observación y espera y el grupo de escisión mesorrectal total.RESULTADOS:Se incluyó en el análisis a un total de 88 pacientes. Uno (1%) murió durante la terapia neoadyuvante. Cincuenta y cinco pacientes (62.5%) tuvieron una respuesta clínica incompleta y se sometieron a cirugía; 10 (18%) de los 55 desarrollaron metástasis a distancia y 3 (5%) desarrollaron recidiva local. Los 32 pacientes restantes (36.3%) tuvieron una cCR (respuesta clínica completa) y se sometieron a observar y esperar. En promedio, los pacientes del grupo de observación y espera eran mayores y tenían tumores más pequeños y distales en comparación con el grupo de cirugía. La dosis mediana de radiación, el número de ciclos de quimioterapia, la tasa de eventos adversos y la duración del seguimiento no difirieron sustancialmente entre el grupo de escisión mesorrectal total y el grupo de observación y espera. En el grupo de observación y espera, 2 (6%) pacientes desarrollaron recrecimiento del tumor y uno de ellos tuvo metástasis a distancia. La supervivencia libre de recurrencia fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de observación y espera.LIMITACIONES:Generalizabilidad, tamaño de la muestra, duración del seguimiento.CONCLUSIONES:Aproximadamente un tercio de los pacientes con cáncer de recto en estadio II o III pueden beneficiarse de un abordaje de observación y espera con el objetivo de preservar el recto si se tratan con terapia neoadyuvante total de tipo inducción y son seguidos por un equipo multidisciplinario experimentado. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B688.
Copyright © The ASCRS 2021.

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Year:  2021        PMID: 34508014      PMCID: PMC8820240          DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002122

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Dis Colon Rectum        ISSN: 0012-3706            Impact factor:   4.585


  16 in total

1.  A phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and local excision for T2N0 rectal cancer: preliminary results of the ACOSOG Z6041 trial.

Authors:  Julio Garcia-Aguilar; Qian Shi; Charles R Thomas; Emily Chan; Peter Cataldo; Jorge Marcet; David Medich; Alessio Pigazzi; Samuel Oommen; Mitchell C Posner
Journal:  Ann Surg Oncol       Date:  2011-07-14       Impact factor: 5.344

2.  The risk of definitive stoma formation at 10 years after low and ultralow anterior resection for rectal cancer.

Authors:  B Celerier; Q Denost; B Van Geluwe; A Pontallier; E Rullier
Journal:  Colorectal Dis       Date:  2016-01       Impact factor: 3.788

3.  Late side effects of short-course preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: increased bowel dysfunction in irradiated patients--a Dutch colorectal cancer group study.

Authors:  K C M J Peeters; C J H van de Velde; J W H Leer; H Martijn; J M C Junggeburt; E Klein Kranenbarg; W H Steup; T Wiggers; H J Rutten; C A M Marijnen
Journal:  J Clin Oncol       Date:  2005-09-01       Impact factor: 44.544

4.  Long-term outcomes of clinical complete responders after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer in the International Watch & Wait Database (IWWD): an international multicentre registry study.

Authors:  Maxime J M van der Valk; Denise E Hilling; Esther Bastiaannet; Elma Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg; Geerard L Beets; Nuno L Figueiredo; Angelita Habr-Gama; Rodrigo O Perez; Andrew G Renehan; Cornelis J H van de Velde
Journal:  Lancet       Date:  2018-06-23       Impact factor: 79.321

5.  Increasing disparities in the age-related incidences of colon and rectal cancers in the United States, 1975-2010.

Authors:  Christina E Bailey; Chung-Yuan Hu; Y Nancy You; Brian K Bednarski; Miguel A Rodriguez-Bigas; John M Skibber; Scott B Cantor; George J Chang
Journal:  JAMA Surg       Date:  2015-01       Impact factor: 14.766

6.  Adoption of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Authors:  Andrea Cercek; Campbell S D Roxburgh; Paul Strombom; J Joshua Smith; Larissa K F Temple; Garrett M Nash; Jose G Guillem; Philip B Paty; Rona Yaeger; Zsofia K Stadler; Kenneth Seier; Mithat Gonen; Neil H Segal; Diane L Reidy; Anna Varghese; Jinru Shia; Efsevia Vakiani; Abraham J Wu; Christopher H Crane; Marc J Gollub; Julio Garcia-Aguilar; Leonard B Saltz; Martin R Weiser
Journal:  JAMA Oncol       Date:  2018-06-14       Impact factor: 31.777

7.  Neoadjuvant treatment response as an early response indicator for patients with rectal cancer.

Authors:  In Ja Park; Y Nancy You; Atin Agarwal; John M Skibber; Miguel A Rodriguez-Bigas; Cathy Eng; Barry W Feig; Prajnan Das; Sunil Krishnan; Christopher H Crane; Chung-Yuan Hu; George J Chang
Journal:  J Clin Oncol       Date:  2012-04-09       Impact factor: 44.544

8.  Bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection with and without neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Authors:  S Bregendahl; K J Emmertsen; J Lous; S Laurberg
Journal:  Colorectal Dis       Date:  2013-09       Impact factor: 3.788

9.  Impact of bowel dysfunction on quality of life after sphincter-preserving resection for rectal cancer.

Authors:  K J Emmertsen; S Laurberg
Journal:  Br J Surg       Date:  2013-09       Impact factor: 6.939

10.  Organ Preservation in Rectal Adenocarcinoma: a phase II randomized controlled trial evaluating 3-year disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation plus induction or consolidation chemotherapy, and total mesorectal excision or nonoperative management.

Authors:  J Joshua Smith; Oliver S Chow; Marc J Gollub; Garrett M Nash; Larissa K Temple; Martin R Weiser; José G Guillem; Philip B Paty; Karin Avila; Julio Garcia-Aguilar
Journal:  BMC Cancer       Date:  2015-10-23       Impact factor: 4.430

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  3 in total

Review 1.  Nonoperative Management for Rectal Cancer.

Authors:  Felipe F Quezada-Diaz; J Joshua Smith
Journal:  Hematol Oncol Clin North Am       Date:  2022-05-11       Impact factor: 2.861

Review 2.  Non-Operative Management of Patients with Rectal Cancer: Lessons Learnt from the OPRA Trial.

Authors:  Paolo Goffredo; Felipe F Quezada-Diaz; Julio Garcia-Aguilar; J Joshua Smith
Journal:  Cancers (Basel)       Date:  2022-06-30       Impact factor: 6.575

Review 3.  Surgical Treatment of Low-Lying Rectal Cancer: Updates.

Authors:  Cristopher Varela; Nam Kyu Kim
Journal:  Ann Coloproctol       Date:  2021-12-22
  3 in total

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