Upregulation of VDR-associated lncRNAs in Schizophrenia.

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling has been found to contribute to the pathology of numerous neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. Notably, VDR signaling has a functional relationship with many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) such as SNHG6, LINC00346 and LINC00511. We calculated expression of these lncRNAs in the venous blood of patients with schizophrenia versus healthy individuals. Expression of SNHG6 was significantly higher in cases versus controls (posterior beta = 0.552, adjusted P value < 0.0001). This pattern of expression was detected in both men (posterior beta = 0.556, adjusted P value < 0.0001) and women (posterior beta = 0.31, adjusted P value = 0.005). Expression of LINC00346 was also higher in cases versus controls (posterior beta = 0.497, adjusted P value < 0.0001) and in distinct sex-based comparisons (posterior beta = 0.451, adjusted P value = 0.009 among men and posterior beta = 0.214, P value = 0.004 among women). Expression of LINC00511 was higher in cases versus controls (posterior beta = 0.318, adjusted P value = 0.01). While sex-based comparisons revealed significant difference in expression of LINC00511 among female subgroups (posterior beta = 0.424, adjusted P value = 0.016), such comparison showed no difference among male cases and male controls (adjusted P value = 0.295). The expression levels of SNHG6 distinguished patients with schizophrenia from controls, with AUC = 0.932. LINC00346 and LINC00511 distinguished between the two groups with AUC values of 0.795 and 0.706, respectively. Therefore, these lncRNAs might be used as markers for schizophrenia.