Evelyn M Leland1, Zhenyu Zhang1, Kathleen M Kelly1, Murugappan Ramanathan2. 1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St. JHOC 6263, Baltimore, MD, USA. 2. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St. JHOC 6263, Baltimore, MD, USA. mramana3@jhmi.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent disease with large social and financial burdens. The pathophysiology is multifactorial. Environmental pollutants have been suggested to play a role in the inflammatory component of the disease process. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent work has focused on exposure to various pollutants, primarily particulate matter (PM). Exposure to environmental pollutants leads to upregulation of inflammatory markers and ciliary dysfunction at the cellular level. Mouse models suggest a role for epithelial barrier dysfunction contributing to inflammatory changes after pollutant exposure. Clinical studies support the role of pollutants contributing to disease severity in certain populations, but the role in CRS incidence or prevalence is less clear. Research is limited by the retrospective nature of most studies. This review focuses on recent advancements in our understanding of the impact of environmental pollutants in CRS, limitations of the available data, and potential opportunities for future studies.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent disease with large social and financial burdens. The pathophysiology is multifactorial. Environmental pollutants have been suggested to play a role in the inflammatory component of the disease process. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent work has focused on exposure to various pollutants, primarily particulate matter (PM). Exposure to environmental pollutants leads to upregulation of inflammatory markers and ciliary dysfunction at the cellular level. Mouse models suggest a role for epithelial barrier dysfunction contributing to inflammatory changes after pollutant exposure. Clinical studies support the role of pollutants contributing to disease severity in certain populations, but the role in CRS incidence or prevalence is less clear. Research is limited by the retrospective nature of most studies. This review focuses on recent advancements in our understanding of the impact of environmental pollutants in CRS, limitations of the available data, and potential opportunities for future studies.
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