Mejdeddine Al Barajraji1, Elisa Bogossian2, Olivier Dewitte3, Nicolas Gaspard4, Salim El Hadwe3, Andrea Minini2, Joachim Andre5, Fabio Silvio Taccone2, Sophie Schuind3, Sami Barrit3. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Route de Lennik, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. mejdi.albarajraji@gmail.com. 2. Department of Intensive Care, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, Route de Lennik, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. 4. Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. 5. Department of Radiology, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intracranial multimodality monitoring (iMMM) is increasingly used in acute brain-injured patients; however, safety and reliability remain major concerns to its routine implementation. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study including all patients undergoing iMMM at a single European center between July 2016 and January 2020. Brain tissue oxygenation probe (PbtO2), alone or in combination with a microdialysis catheter and/or an 8-contact depth EEG electrode, was inserted using a triple-lumen bolt system and targeting normal-appearing at-risk brain area on the injured side, whenever possible. Surgical complications, adverse events, and technical malfunctions, directly associated with iMMM, were collected. A blinded imaging review was performed by an independent radiologist. RESULTS: One hundred thirteen patients with 123 iMMM insertions were included for a median monitoring time of 9 [3-14] days. Of those, 93 (76%) patients had only PbtO2 probe insertion and 30 (24%) had also microdialysis and/or iEEG monitoring. SAH was the most frequent indication for iMMM (n = 60, 53%). At least one complication was observed in 67/123 (54%) iMMM placement, corresponding to 58/113 (51%) patients. Misplacement was observed in 16/123 (13%), resulting in a total of 6/16 (38%) malfunctioning PbtO2 catheters. Intracranial hemorrhage was observed in 14 iMMM placements (11%), of which one required surgical drainage. Five placements were complicated by pneumocephalus and 4 with bone fragments; none of these requires additional surgery. No CNS infection related to iMMM was observed. Seven (6%) probes were accidentally dislodged and 2 probes (2%) were accidentally broken. Ten PbtO2 probes (8%) presented a technical malfunction after a median of 9 [ranges: 2-24] days after initiation of monitoring and 4 of them were replaced. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a high occurrence of complications related to iMMM was observed, although most of them did not require specific interventions and did not result in malfunctioning monitoring.
BACKGROUND: Intracranial multimodality monitoring (iMMM) is increasingly used in acute brain-injured patients; however, safety and reliability remain major concerns to its routine implementation. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study including all patients undergoing iMMM at a single European center between July 2016 and January 2020. Brain tissue oxygenation probe (PbtO2), alone or in combination with a microdialysis catheter and/or an 8-contact depth EEG electrode, was inserted using a triple-lumen bolt system and targeting normal-appearing at-risk brain area on the injured side, whenever possible. Surgical complications, adverse events, and technical malfunctions, directly associated with iMMM, were collected. A blinded imaging review was performed by an independent radiologist. RESULTS: One hundred thirteen patients with 123 iMMM insertions were included for a median monitoring time of 9 [3-14] days. Of those, 93 (76%) patients had only PbtO2 probe insertion and 30 (24%) had also microdialysis and/or iEEG monitoring. SAH was the most frequent indication for iMMM (n = 60, 53%). At least one complication was observed in 67/123 (54%) iMMM placement, corresponding to 58/113 (51%) patients. Misplacement was observed in 16/123 (13%), resulting in a total of 6/16 (38%) malfunctioning PbtO2 catheters. Intracranial hemorrhage was observed in 14 iMMM placements (11%), of which one required surgical drainage. Five placements were complicated by pneumocephalus and 4 with bone fragments; none of these requires additional surgery. No CNS infection related to iMMM was observed. Seven (6%) probes were accidentally dislodged and 2 probes (2%) were accidentally broken. Ten PbtO2 probes (8%) presented a technical malfunction after a median of 9 [ranges: 2-24] days after initiation of monitoring and 4 of them were replaced. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a high occurrence of complications related to iMMM was observed, although most of them did not require specific interventions and did not result in malfunctioning monitoring.
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