Aryan Jafari1, Arezoo Alaee2, Kimia Ghods3. 1. Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 9, 9th Neyestan Street, Pasdaran Avenue, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: jafari.arian@gmail.com. 2. Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 9, 9th Neyestan Street, Pasdaran Avenue, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: arezoo.alaee@yahoo.com. 3. Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 9, 9th Neyestan Street, Pasdaran Avenue, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: kimiaghods2@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dysgeusia is a prevalent qualitative gustatory impairment that may affect food intake and quality of life. The facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves are the three cranial nerves responsible for sensing taste. Typically, dysgeusia is considered a general term for all taste disorders. In addition, dysgeusia may be a symptom of underlying systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, respiratory infections, and nutritional deficiencies. Various subjective and objective diagnostic approaches are available to aid clinicians, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. HIGHLIGHTS: Taste impairment can lead to a lack of enjoyment while eating, food aversion, and malnutrition, resulting in a decrease in the quality of life and loss of muscle mass. Therefore, the present review aims to address the probable etiologies, diagnostic aids, and management of dysgeusia. A broad search for studies was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. In addition, relevant studies found in the references of the selected articles were also studied. CONCLUSION: Oral health care providers should be aware of the possible etiologies of dysgeusia, diagnostic tools, and treatment options. Accurate diagnosis of the cause of taste dysfunction has a significant impact on the management of taste impairment.
BACKGROUND: Dysgeusia is a prevalent qualitative gustatory impairment that may affect food intake and quality of life. The facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves are the three cranial nerves responsible for sensing taste. Typically, dysgeusia is considered a general term for all taste disorders. In addition, dysgeusia may be a symptom of underlying systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, respiratory infections, and nutritional deficiencies. Various subjective and objective diagnostic approaches are available to aid clinicians, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. HIGHLIGHTS: Taste impairment can lead to a lack of enjoyment while eating, food aversion, and malnutrition, resulting in a decrease in the quality of life and loss of muscle mass. Therefore, the present review aims to address the probable etiologies, diagnostic aids, and management of dysgeusia. A broad search for studies was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. In addition, relevant studies found in the references of the selected articles were also studied. CONCLUSION: Oral health care providers should be aware of the possible etiologies of dysgeusia, diagnostic tools, and treatment options. Accurate diagnosis of the cause of taste dysfunction has a significant impact on the management of taste impairment.