Sudarat Hadpech1, Sutpirat Moonmuang2,3, Koollawat Chupradit2,3,4, Umpa Yasamut2,3,5, Chatchai Tayapiwatana2,3,5. 1. Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chon Buri, Thailand. 2. Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 3. Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 4. Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 5. Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Host restriction factors are cellular proteins that inhibit specific steps of the viral life cycle. Since the 1970s, several new factors have been identified, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication restriction. Evidence accumulated in the last decade has substantially broadened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms utilized to abrogate the HIV-1 life cycle. SUMMARY: In this review, we focus on the interaction between host restriction factors participating in the early phase of HIV-1 infection, particularly CA-targeting proteins. Host factors involved in the late phase of the replication cycle, such as viral assembly and egress factors, are also described. Additionally, current reports on well-known antiviral intrinsic factors, as well as other viral restriction factors with their emerging roles, are included. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive understanding of the interactions between viruses and hosts is expected to provide insight into the design of novel HIV-1 therapeutic interventions.
BACKGROUND: Host restriction factors are cellular proteins that inhibit specific steps of the viral life cycle. Since the 1970s, several new factors have been identified, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication restriction. Evidence accumulated in the last decade has substantially broadened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms utilized to abrogate the HIV-1 life cycle. SUMMARY: In this review, we focus on the interaction between host restriction factors participating in the early phase of HIV-1 infection, particularly CA-targeting proteins. Host factors involved in the late phase of the replication cycle, such as viral assembly and egress factors, are also described. Additionally, current reports on well-known antiviral intrinsic factors, as well as other viral restriction factors with their emerging roles, are included. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive understanding of the interactions between viruses and hosts is expected to provide insight into the design of novel HIV-1 therapeutic interventions.
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