Elements of perceived good physician leadership and their relation to leadership theory.

PURPOSE: This research paper aims to discover the elements of good physician leadership as perceived by physicians and to find out how the findings connect to the leadership theory. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The subjects (n = 50) of this qualitative study are physicians from four hierarchical levels (residents/specialising physicians, specialists, heads of departments and chief physicians). Content analysis with a constructivist-interpretative approach by thematisation was the chosen method, and it was also analysed how major leadership theories relate to good physician leadership.
FINDINGS: Physician leaders are expected to possess the professional skills of physicians, understand how the work affects physicians' lives and be competent in applying suitable leadership approaches following different situations and people. Trust, fairness, empathy, social skills, two-way communication skills, regular feedback, collegial respect and emotional intelligence are expected. As medical expertise connects leaders and followers, success in medical leadership comes from credibility in medical expertise, making medical leadership an inseparable part of good physician leadership. Subordinates are physician colleagues, who have their informal leadership roles on their hierarchical levels, making physician leadership a multidimensional leadership setting wherein formal leaders lead informal leaders, which blurs the traditional leader-follower boundary. In summary, good physician leadership is leadership through medical expertise combined with good manners, collegiality and traits from different kinds of leadership theories. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study discovers elements of good physician leadership in a Finnish health-care context in which no similar prior empirical research has been carried out. © Sari Huikko-Tarvainen.