The latest information on the RIPK1 post-translational modifications and functions.

RIPK1 is a protein kinase that simultaneously regulates inflammation, apoptosis, and necroptosis. It is thought that RIPK1 has separate functions through its scaffold structure and kinase domains. Moreover, different post-translational modifications in RIPK1 play distinct or even opposing roles. Under different conditions, in different cells and species, and/or upon exposure to different stimuli, infections, and substrates, RIPK1 activation can lead to diverse results. Despite continuous research, many of the conclusions that have been drawn regarding the complex interactions of RIPK1 are controversial. This review is based on an examination and analysis of recent studies on the RIPK1 structure, post-translational modifications, and activation conditions, which can affect its functions. Finally, because of the diverse functions of RIPK1 and their relevance to the pathogenesis of many diseases, we briefly introduce the roles of RIPK1 in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and the prospects of its use in future diagnostics and treatments.