Stacey L Rowe1,2, Karin Leder3, Kirsten P Perrett4, Nicole Romero2,5, Terry M Nolan6, Nicola Stephens7, Benjamin C Cowie5, Allen C Cheng3. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia stacey.rowe@monash.edu. 2. Department of Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 4. Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Royal Children's Hospital; Population Allergy Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute; and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 5. Peter Doherty Institute for Immunity and Infection, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 6. Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity at The University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 7. Public Health Program, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Infant influenza and pertussis disease causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. We examined the effectiveness of maternal influenza and pertussis vaccines in preventing these diseases in infants. METHODS: This inception cohort study comprised women whose pregnancies ended between September 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, in Victoria, Australia. Maternal vaccination status was sourced from the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection and linked to 5 data sets to ascertain infant outcomes and vaccination. The primary outcome of interest was laboratory-confirmed influenza or pertussis disease in infants aged <2 months, 2 to <6 months, and <6 months combined. Secondary outcomes included infant hospitalization (emergency presentation or admission) and death. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Poisson regression. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as (1 minus the risk ratio) x 100%. RESULTS: Among 186 962 pregnant women, 85 830 (45.9%) and 128 060 (68.5%) were vaccinated against influenza and pertussis, respectively. There were 175 and 51 infants with laboratory-confirmed influenza and pertussis disease, respectively. Influenza VE was 56.1% (95% CI, 23.3% to 74.9%) for infants aged <2 months and 35.7% (2.2% to 57.7%) for infants aged 2 to <6 months. Pertussis VE was 80.1% (95% CI, 37.1% to 93.7%) for infants aged <2 months and 31.8% (95% CI, -39.1% to 66.6%) for infants aged 2 to <6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence of the direct effectiveness of maternal influenza and pertussis vaccination in preventing these diseases in infants aged <2 months. The findings strengthen the importance of maternal vaccination to prevent these diseases in infants.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Infant influenza and pertussis disease causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. We examined the effectiveness of maternal influenza and pertussis vaccines in preventing these diseases in infants. METHODS: This inception cohort study comprised women whose pregnancies ended between September 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, in Victoria, Australia. Maternal vaccination status was sourced from the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection and linked to 5 data sets to ascertain infant outcomes and vaccination. The primary outcome of interest was laboratory-confirmed influenza or pertussis disease in infants aged <2 months, 2 to <6 months, and <6 months combined. Secondary outcomes included infant hospitalization (emergency presentation or admission) and death. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Poisson regression. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as (1 minus the risk ratio) x 100%. RESULTS: Among 186 962 pregnant women, 85 830 (45.9%) and 128 060 (68.5%) were vaccinated against influenza and pertussis, respectively. There were 175 and 51 infants with laboratory-confirmed influenza and pertussis disease, respectively. Influenza VE was 56.1% (95% CI, 23.3% to 74.9%) for infants aged <2 months and 35.7% (2.2% to 57.7%) for infants aged 2 to <6 months. Pertussis VE was 80.1% (95% CI, 37.1% to 93.7%) for infants aged <2 months and 31.8% (95% CI, -39.1% to 66.6%) for infants aged 2 to <6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence of the direct effectiveness of maternal influenza and pertussis vaccination in preventing these diseases in infants aged <2 months. The findings strengthen the importance of maternal vaccination to prevent these diseases in infants.
Authors: Antonia Arreciado Marañón; María Isabel Fernández-Cano; Laura Montero-Pons; Maria Feijoo-Cid; Azahara Reyes-Lacalle; Rosa María Cabedo-Ferreiro; Josep Maria Manresa-Domínguez; Gemma Falguera-Puig Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-07-09 Impact factor: 4.614