Neural activity in the regenerating optic nerve of the goldfish.

1. Retinal ganglion cells of one eye were axotomized in goldfish either by sectioning the contralateral optic tract or by ablating the contralateral lobe of the optic tectum. Between 2 and 40 days later, multiunit activity in response to diffuse light flashes was recorded from the axotomized and normal optic nerves, and from the optic tectum. 2. Two days after tract section, the amplitude of the integrated multiunit response of the axotomized nerve was normal. By 16 days it had fallen to 15% of control values, at which time visual responses carried by the regenerating tract were first recorded in tectum. Activity in the axotomized nerve then recovered gradually. 3. After ablation of one tectal lobe, multiunit responses in the axotomized nerve had not recovered by 40 days. 4. Integrated spontaneous activity in the axotomized nerve was depressed with a similar time course to the depression of light-evoked activity, both after tract section and tectal ablation. 5. Retinal ganglion cell nuclear size, a morphological indicator of the cell body reaction, varied inversely with evoked activity, whether axotomy was by tract section or by tectal ablation. 6. Electrically evoked compound action potentials of normal amplitude could be recorded from an axotomized nerve despite depressed responses to light flashes. 7. It is concluded that optic nerve axotomy in goldfish reduces the number of optic fibres carrying impulses and/or the frequency of their discharge. The effect is closely linked to morphological changes occurring in the retinal ganglion cell bodies. Recovery of impulse activity and morphology depends upon the regenerating optic fibres innervating an appropriate target.