Richard B Parad1, Janis L Breeze2, Norma Terrin2, Lynette K Rogers3, Carolyn M Salafia4, Anne Greenough5, Jonathan M Davis2,6. 1. Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 2. Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design (BERD) Center, Tufts University and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 3. The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. 4. Department of Pathology, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA. 5. Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary outcome of premature neonates has focused more on short-term than long-term respiratory morbidities. OBJECTIVE: Describe risk factors/biomarkers associated with short-term (bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]) (supplemental oxygen use at 36 weeks postmenstrual age [PMA]) and longer-term (chronic respiratory morbidity [CRM]) (respiratory related symptoms, medications, medical/emergency visits, hospitalizations at 6-12 months corrected gestational age [CGA]) respiratory outcomes in a longitudinal cohort. DESIGN/ METHODS: Neonates born at 24-29-week gestation were prospectively followed to 6-12-month CGA. Associations between clinical and laboratory risk factors/biomarkers of BPD and CRM were explored. RESULTS: Of 86 subjects, 94% survived. Outcomes were available for 89% at 36-week PMA (BPD present in 42% of infants) and 72% at 6-12-month CGA (CRM present in 47% of infants). For the 54 infants with known outcomes for both BPD and CRM, diagnoses were discordant in 41%. BPD was associated with lower birthweight and birthweight Z-score for GA, lower Apgar scores, more surfactant doses, higher SNAPPE-II scores, highest Day 1 inspired oxygen concentration, Day 7 oxygen use, prolonged ventilatory support, bacteremia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and treated patent ductus arteriosus. CRM was associated with lower Apgar scores, Day 7 oxygen use and higher urine vascular endothelial growth factor. Patterns of plasma and urine lipid oxidation products differed in the two outcomes. CONCLUSION: In this hypothesis generating and exploratory study, BPD and CRM were associated with different risk factors/biomarker patterns. Concordance between these two outcomes was weak. Strategies for reducing CRM should be studied in cohorts identified by appropriate early risk factors/biomarkers.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary outcome of premature neonates has focused more on short-term than long-term respiratory morbidities. OBJECTIVE: Describe risk factors/biomarkers associated with short-term (bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]) (supplemental oxygen use at 36 weeks postmenstrual age [PMA]) and longer-term (chronic respiratory morbidity [CRM]) (respiratory related symptoms, medications, medical/emergency visits, hospitalizations at 6-12 months corrected gestational age [CGA]) respiratory outcomes in a longitudinal cohort. DESIGN/ METHODS: Neonates born at 24-29-week gestation were prospectively followed to 6-12-month CGA. Associations between clinical and laboratory risk factors/biomarkers of BPD and CRM were explored. RESULTS: Of 86 subjects, 94% survived. Outcomes were available for 89% at 36-week PMA (BPD present in 42% of infants) and 72% at 6-12-month CGA (CRM present in 47% of infants). For the 54 infants with known outcomes for both BPD and CRM, diagnoses were discordant in 41%. BPD was associated with lower birthweight and birthweight Z-score for GA, lower Apgar scores, more surfactant doses, higher SNAPPE-II scores, highest Day 1 inspired oxygen concentration, Day 7 oxygen use, prolonged ventilatory support, bacteremia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and treated patent ductus arteriosus. CRM was associated with lower Apgar scores, Day 7 oxygen use and higher urine vascular endothelial growth factor. Patterns of plasma and urine lipid oxidation products differed in the two outcomes. CONCLUSION: In this hypothesis generating and exploratory study, BPD and CRM were associated with different risk factors/biomarker patterns. Concordance between these two outcomes was weak. Strategies for reducing CRM should be studied in cohorts identified by appropriate early risk factors/biomarkers.
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