Abdelmohsen Alnaeem1, Turke Shawaf1, Ali M Ali2,3, Maged Gomaa Hemida4,5. 1. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. 2. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. 3. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt. 4. Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahasa, Saudi Arabia. mhemida@kfu.edu.sa. 5. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt. mhemida@kfu.edu.sa.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In the current study, we are investigating the viral causes of some respiratory clinical signs in some animals belongs to the family Equidae in eastern Saudi Arabia (ESA) during winter- 2019. We observed the progression of severe respiratory clinical signs among some horses, donkeys, and ponies in the ESA. Animals showed rapid respiration, fever, nasal discharges (started as serous then changed into mucopurulent with the progression of the infection per some animals). We conducted a longitudinal study to monitor the progression of this outbreak. We conducted molecular surveillance for the influenza virus Type-A using real-time PCR and regular RT-PCR. We also conducted a serosurveillance of the virus in sera of the tested animals using the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The molecular detection of the Influenza virus type-A virus from nasal swabs of the affected animals using the real-time PCR results clearly showing that 35.1% of the tested horses, donkeys, and ponies were positives. Further confirmation was achieved by reporting the seroconversion of some of the affected animals. Several attempts were conducted to isolate the circulating influenza strains using the embryonated chicken eggs were unsuccessful. This was based on the absence of any amplicons in the harvested embryonated egg fluids using some oligonucleotides for the common influenza virus genes (HA, NA, M, and N). Meanwhile, ELISA results revealed the detection of the antibodies in sera of horses and donkeys 72.9%. Seroconversion was reported in many animals several weeks after the onset of the outbreak. Taken together all these pieces of evidence, we confirm an influenza virus type-A outbreak among the tested animals during winter 2019.
OBJECTIVES: In the current study, we are investigating the viral causes of some respiratory clinical signs in some animals belongs to the family Equidae in eastern Saudi Arabia (ESA) during winter- 2019. We observed the progression of severe respiratory clinical signs among some horses, donkeys, and ponies in the ESA. Animals showed rapid respiration, fever, nasal discharges (started as serous then changed into mucopurulent with the progression of the infection per some animals). We conducted a longitudinal study to monitor the progression of this outbreak. We conducted molecular surveillance for the influenza virus Type-A using real-time PCR and regular RT-PCR. We also conducted a serosurveillance of the virus in sera of the tested animals using the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The molecular detection of the Influenza virus type-A virus from nasal swabs of the affected animals using the real-time PCR results clearly showing that 35.1% of the tested horses, donkeys, and ponies were positives. Further confirmation was achieved by reporting the seroconversion of some of the affected animals. Several attempts were conducted to isolate the circulating influenza strains using the embryonated chicken eggs were unsuccessful. This was based on the absence of any amplicons in the harvested embryonated egg fluids using some oligonucleotides for the common influenza virus genes (HA, NA, M, and N). Meanwhile, ELISA results revealed the detection of the antibodies in sera of horses and donkeys 72.9%. Seroconversion was reported in many animals several weeks after the onset of the outbreak. Taken together all these pieces of evidence, we confirm an influenza virus type-A outbreak among the tested animals during winter 2019.
Authors: Neil A Bryant; Adam S Rash; Colin A Russell; Julie Ross; Annie Cooke; Samantha Bowman; Shona MacRae; Nicola S Lewis; Romain Paillot; Reto Zanoni; Hanspeter Meier; Lowri A Griffiths; Janet M Daly; Ashish Tiwari; Thomas M Chambers; J Richard Newton; Debra M Elton Journal: Vet Microbiol Date: 2009-03-13 Impact factor: 3.293
Authors: Fanan A Alaql; Ali N Alhafufi; Samy Kasem; Yousef M O Alhammad; Hassan Albaqshi; Ameen Alyousaf; Faisal M Alsubaie; Ahmed N Alghamdi; Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim; Sulaiman A Alharbi Journal: Animals (Basel) Date: 2022-10-10 Impact factor: 3.231