| Literature DB >> 34432085 |
Patrick Möhnle1, Mathias Bruegel2, Michael Spannagl3.
Abstract
Critically ill patients are at high risk of hemostasis disorders, which can be associated with both an increased risk of bleeding and an increased risk of thromboembolic events. In the case of acute vascular events, specific therapy with drug anticoagulation or platelet aggregation inhibition is essential. In patients with pre-existing conditions, the appropriate continuation of anticoagulation during intensive care treatment is important. Furthermore, in everyday clinical practice, prophylaxis of thromboembolism as well as the question of potential therapeutic options in the treatment of sepsis and infection-triggered disorders of blood coagulation are important. Specific questions arise with the use of extracorporeal devices such as renal replacement and circulatory assist systems. A number of new anticoagulation and anti-platelet drugs have become available in recent years. Laboratory monitoring of anticoagulation is central. In this overview, current aspects of these topics are presented.Entities:
Keywords: Anticoagulants; Blood coagulation; Blood coagulation tests; Critically ill; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34432085 PMCID: PMC8385697 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-021-00849-6
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed ISSN: 2193-6218 Impact factor: 1.552
| SIC | Sepsisinduzierte Koagulopathie („sepsis-induced coagulopathy“): |
|---|---|
| DIC | Disseminierte intravasale Gerinnung („disseminated intravascular coagulation“): „erworbenes Syndrom, charakterisiert durch intravaskuläre Aktivierung der Blutgerinnung mit Verlust der Lokalisation“ (gemäß ISTH), Pathophysiologie: exzessive Thrombingeneration, Verlust der Lokalisation, bei Trauma, Verbrennung, Pankreatitis, Sepsis, Klinik: Gerinnungsaktivierung, Thrombosen/Blutung durch Verbrauchskoagulopathie, Diagnose: ISTH-Score (Kriterien: Thrombozytenzahl, Prothrombinzeit, Fibrinogenspaltprodukte/Dimer) [ |
| CAC | COVID-19-assoziierte Koagulopathie („COVID-19-associated coagulopathy“), Kriterien [ Thrombozytopenie (meist geringgradig, 100–150/nl), D‑Dimere erhöht (meist stark erhöht), Prothrombinzeit ↑/Quick-Wert ↓, Mikro- und/oder Makrothrombosen, klinisch: |
ISTH International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, JAAM Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, SIRS „systemic inflammatory response syndrome“, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
| Thrombozytenhemmung | Gerinnungshemmung |
|---|---|
| (Epoprostenol) | |
| Acetylsalicylsäure | VKA (Phenprocoumon, Warfarin) |
| Clopidogrel | DOAK |
| Prasugrel | Dabigatran (IIa-Inhibitor) |
| Ticagrelor | Apixaban (Xa-Inhibitor) |
| Edoxaban (Xa-Inhibitor) | |
| Rivaroxaban (Xa-Inhibitor) |
DOAK direkte orale Antikoagulanzien, VKA Vitamin-K-Antagonisten
a6 zugelassene Präparate
| Messung der Thrombozytenhemmung | Messung der Gerinnungshemmung |
|---|---|
| Verify-now-Systema | ACTa |
| Impedanzaggregometriea | TEGa/VETa |
| PFAa | (Aktivierung analog zu PT/PTT/RVVT) |
| Spezialteste/Zentrallabor | Global- und Spezialteste/Zentrallabor |
| Induzierte Aggregometrie (Photometer) | PT, aPTT |
| Thrombinzeit (verdünnt) | |
| Anti-Xa | |
| Anti-IIa | |
| (RVVT, PICT) | |
Thrombozytenzahl, Matrixeffekte, Spezifität, Stabilität | Spezifität, Matrixeffekte, Stabilität Verfügbarkeit, Kalibration nötig, Medikament/Substanz muss bekannt sein |
PFA „platelet function analyzer“, ACT „activated clotting time“, TEG Thrombelastographie, VET viskoleastische Testverfahren, PT Prothrombinzeit, PTT partielle Thromboplastinzeit, RVVT „russel viper venom time“, PICT „prothrombinase-induced clotting time“
abei Verwendung von Vollblut ist ein patientennaher Einsatz möglich
| Siemens INNOVANCE Anti-Xa |
| Stago STA-Liquid Anti-Xa |
| Technocrom Anti-Xa |
| HaemosIL Anti-Xa |
| Siemens Berichrom Anti-Xa |
| Stago Stachrom Anti-Xa |
| Verdünnte Thrombinzeit („clotting“) |
| Anti-IIa (chromogenes Substrat) |
| Ecarintest (chromogenes Substrat) |
