Kohei Kaminishi1, Ryosuke Chiba2, Kaoru Takakusaki3, Jun Ota4. 1. Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering (RACE), School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kaminishi@race.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp. 2. Division of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan. Electronic address: rchiba@asahikawa-med.ac.jp. 3. Division of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan. Electronic address: kusaki@asahikawa-med.ac.jp. 4. Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering (RACE), School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: ota@race.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To maintain an upright standing posture against external disturbances, the human body mainly employs two types of postural control strategies: "ankle strategy" and "hip strategy." While it has been reported that the magnitude of the disturbance alters the use of postural control strategies, it has not been elucidated how the level of muscle tone, one of the crucial parameters of bodily function, determines the use of each strategy. We have previously confirmed using forward dynamics simulations of human musculoskeletal models that an increased muscle tone promotes the use of ankle strategies. The objective of the present study was to experimentally evaluate a hypothesis: an increased muscle tone promotes the use of ankle strategies. RESEARCH QUESTION: Do changes in the muscle tone affect the use of ankle strategies? METHODS: Participants were asked to maintain their standing posture on a movable platform sliding horizontally at several accelerations. Postural reactions for support surface translations were examined under three instructions with or without handgrips: relax state, squeezing a handgrip, and an increased muscle tone of the whole body. Surface-electromyography and marker locations of joints were measured to calculate the index of muscle tone and postural control strategies. The relationship of the indexes was evaluated based on correlation coefficients. RESULTS: In half of the conditions, weak negative correlations were noted between the muscle tone index and postural control strategy index. In other words, an increased muscle tone rather promoted the use of the ankle strategy than the hip strategy. These findings are consistent with our previous simulation results. SIGNIFICANCE: The results recognized a positive response to the research question. This suggests that it is crucial to take muscle tone into account to understand postural control strategies.
BACKGROUND: To maintain an upright standing posture against external disturbances, the human body mainly employs two types of postural control strategies: "ankle strategy" and "hip strategy." While it has been reported that the magnitude of the disturbance alters the use of postural control strategies, it has not been elucidated how the level of muscle tone, one of the crucial parameters of bodily function, determines the use of each strategy. We have previously confirmed using forward dynamics simulations of human musculoskeletal models that an increased muscle tone promotes the use of ankle strategies. The objective of the present study was to experimentally evaluate a hypothesis: an increased muscle tone promotes the use of ankle strategies. RESEARCH QUESTION: Do changes in the muscle tone affect the use of ankle strategies? METHODS: Participants were asked to maintain their standing posture on a movable platform sliding horizontally at several accelerations. Postural reactions for support surface translations were examined under three instructions with or without handgrips: relax state, squeezing a handgrip, and an increased muscle tone of the whole body. Surface-electromyography and marker locations of joints were measured to calculate the index of muscle tone and postural control strategies. The relationship of the indexes was evaluated based on correlation coefficients. RESULTS: In half of the conditions, weak negative correlations were noted between the muscle tone index and postural control strategy index. In other words, an increased muscle tone rather promoted the use of the ankle strategy than the hip strategy. These findings are consistent with our previous simulation results. SIGNIFICANCE: The results recognized a positive response to the research question. This suggests that it is crucial to take muscle tone into account to understand postural control strategies.