Bruno Sada Salerno1, Aline Beatriz Mahler Pereira1, Henrique Ismarsi de Souza1, Mario Leon Silva-Vergara2, Bruce David Levy3, Alexandre Paula Rogerio4. 1. Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil. 2. Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil. 3. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. 4. Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil. alexandre.rogerio@uftm.edu.br.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with airway epithelial cells is crucial for the establishment of cryptococcosis. Aspirin-triggered-resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) is a lipid mediator produced during the resolution of inflammation and demonstrates anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects in several inflammatory experimental models including in the airways. METHOD: Here, we evaluated the effects of AT-RvD1 (1, 10 or 100 nM) on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) stimulated with C. neoformans (1, 10 or 100 multiplicities of infection; MOI). RESULTS: After 24 h, C. neoformans (all MOI) demonstrated no cytotoxic effects and increased IL-8 production on BEAS-2B cells when compared to controls. In addition, C. neoformans (MOI 100) increased the concentration of IL-6, but not of IL-10. AT-RvD1 (100 nM) significantly reduced the concentration of IL-8 and IL-6 and increased IL-10 production in C. neoformans-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. C. neoformans increased the phosphorylation of NF-κB and ERK1/2, and ALX/FPR2 expression. AT-RvD1 reduced the activation of NF-kB without altering the ERK1/2 and ALX/FPR2 expression. The anti-inflammatory effects of AT-RvD1 were dependent on the ALX/FPR2, once its antagonist (BOC2) reversed its anti-inflammatory effects. No alteration on the fungal burden as well as interactions with BEAS-2B cells was observed by AT-RvD1. CONCLUSION: AT-RvD1 demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in bronchial epithelial cells infected with C. neoformans without affecting the development of C. neoformans infection in the airways. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
BACKGROUND: The interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with airway epithelial cells is crucial for the establishment of cryptococcosis. Aspirin-triggered-resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) is a lipid mediator produced during the resolution of inflammation and demonstrates anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects in several inflammatory experimental models including in the airways. METHOD: Here, we evaluated the effects of AT-RvD1 (1, 10 or 100 nM) on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) stimulated with C. neoformans (1, 10 or 100 multiplicities of infection; MOI). RESULTS: After 24 h, C. neoformans (all MOI) demonstrated no cytotoxic effects and increased IL-8 production on BEAS-2B cells when compared to controls. In addition, C. neoformans (MOI 100) increased the concentration of IL-6, but not of IL-10. AT-RvD1 (100 nM) significantly reduced the concentration of IL-8 and IL-6 and increased IL-10 production in C. neoformans-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. C. neoformans increased the phosphorylation of NF-κB and ERK1/2, and ALX/FPR2 expression. AT-RvD1 reduced the activation of NF-kB without altering the ERK1/2 and ALX/FPR2 expression. The anti-inflammatory effects of AT-RvD1 were dependent on the ALX/FPR2, once its antagonist (BOC2) reversed its anti-inflammatory effects. No alteration on the fungal burden as well as interactions with BEAS-2B cells was observed by AT-RvD1. CONCLUSION: AT-RvD1 demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in bronchial epithelial cells infected with C. neoformans without affecting the development of C. neoformans infection in the airways. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
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