A Basolo1,2, A M Poma3, R Giannini3, G Ceccarini4, C Pelosini4,5, P Fierabracci4, M U Castany3, S Bechi Genzano4, C E Ambrosini3, G Materazzi3, L Chiovato6,7, F Basolo3, F Santini4, L Torregrossa3. 1. Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. alessio.basolo@med.unipi.it. 2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy. alessio.basolo@med.unipi.it. 3. Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 4. Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 5. Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 6. Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy. 7. Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Subjects with obesity may exhibit an increase in serum TSH concentrations. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, including the presence of a compensatory mechanism to counterbalance an accelerated turnover of thyroid hormones in subjects with obesity. This study aimed at evaluating whether the thyroids of subjects with obesity differs from those of normal-weight individuals regarding histology and gene expression profiling. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients were selected among those scheduled for thyroidectomy. At histology, thyroid tissue samples were investigated for the presence of adipocytes and/or lymphocyte infiltration. In a subset of patients, the expression at mRNA level of several genes involved in metabolic pathways and immune cell-related mechanisms was quantified by NanoString Technology. RESULTS: The presence of adipose cells was documented in thyroid specimens from 40% normal weight, 52.9% overweight and 73.5% patients with obesity. The number of infiltrating adipocytes was greater in specimens of patients with overweight or obesity compared to normal weight. The lymphocytes common antigen (CD45) and mast cell (MC) scores, and the number of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were higher in patients with overweight and obesity than in normal-weight subjects. Several genes involved in metabolic pathways were differently expressed in patients with overweight or obesity compared to normal weight, with upregulation of Leptin receptor and downregulation of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5. CONCLUSIONS: Increased BMI is associated with adipocyte and lymphocyte infiltration of the thyroid, not related to an autoimmune process, which might affect thyroid function in subjects with obesity. A differential gene expression profiling of metabolic and immune pathways in thyroid tissues of patients with obesity was also observed.
PURPOSE: Subjects with obesity may exhibit an increase in serum TSH concentrations. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, including the presence of a compensatory mechanism to counterbalance an accelerated turnover of thyroid hormones in subjects with obesity. This study aimed at evaluating whether the thyroids of subjects with obesity differs from those of normal-weight individuals regarding histology and gene expression profiling. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients were selected among those scheduled for thyroidectomy. At histology, thyroid tissue samples were investigated for the presence of adipocytes and/or lymphocyte infiltration. In a subset of patients, the expression at mRNA level of several genes involved in metabolic pathways and immune cell-related mechanisms was quantified by NanoString Technology. RESULTS: The presence of adipose cells was documented in thyroid specimens from 40% normal weight, 52.9% overweight and 73.5% patients with obesity. The number of infiltrating adipocytes was greater in specimens of patients with overweight or obesity compared to normal weight. The lymphocytes common antigen (CD45) and mast cell (MC) scores, and the number of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were higher in patients with overweight and obesity than in normal-weight subjects. Several genes involved in metabolic pathways were differently expressed in patients with overweight or obesity compared to normal weight, with upregulation of Leptin receptor and downregulation of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5. CONCLUSIONS: Increased BMI is associated with adipocyte and lymphocyte infiltration of the thyroid, not related to an autoimmune process, which might affect thyroid function in subjects with obesity. A differential gene expression profiling of metabolic and immune pathways in thyroid tissues of patients with obesity was also observed.
Authors: Andrew B Mitchell; John W Cole; Patrick F McArdle; Yu-Ching Cheng; Kathleen A Ryan; Mary J Sparks; Braxton D Mitchell; Steven J Kittner Journal: Stroke Date: 2015-05-05 Impact factor: 7.914
Authors: Ashkan Afshin; Mohammad H Forouzanfar; Marissa B Reitsma; Patrick Sur; Kara Estep; Alex Lee; Laurie Marczak; Ali H Mokdad; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Mohsen Naghavi; Joseph S Salama; Theo Vos; Kalkidan H Abate; Cristiana Abbafati; Muktar B Ahmed; Ziyad Al-Aly; Ala’a Alkerwi; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Azmeraw T Amare; Alemayehu Amberbir; Adeladza K Amegah; Erfan Amini; Stephen M Amrock; Ranjit M Anjana; Johan Ärnlöv; Hamid Asayesh; Amitava Banerjee; Aleksandra Barac; Estifanos Baye; Derrick A Bennett; Addisu S Beyene; Sibhatu Biadgilign; Stan Biryukov; Espen Bjertness; Dube J Boneya; Ismael Campos-Nonato; Juan J Carrero; Pedro Cecilio; Kelly Cercy; Liliana G Ciobanu; Leslie Cornaby; Solomon A Damtew; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Samath D Dharmaratne; Bruce B Duncan; Babak Eshrati; Alireza Esteghamati; Valery L Feigin; João C Fernandes; Thomas Fürst; Tsegaye T Gebrehiwot; Audra Gold; Philimon N Gona; Atsushi Goto; Tesfa D Habtewold; Kokeb T Hadush; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Simon I Hay; Masako Horino; Farhad Islami; Ritul Kamal; Amir Kasaeian; Srinivasa V Katikireddi; Andre P Kengne; Chandrasekharan N Kesavachandran; Yousef S Khader; Young-Ho Khang; Jagdish Khubchandani; Daniel Kim; Yun J Kim; Yohannes Kinfu; Soewarta Kosen; Tiffany Ku; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; G Anil Kumar; Heidi J Larson; Mall Leinsalu; Xiaofeng Liang; Stephen S Lim; Patrick Liu; Alan D Lopez; Rafael Lozano; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah C Malta; Mohsen Mazidi; Colm McAlinden; Stephen T McGarvey; Desalegn T Mengistu; George A Mensah; Gert B M Mensink; Haftay B Mezgebe; Erkin M Mirrakhimov; Ulrich O Mueller; Jean J Noubiap; Carla M Obermeyer; Felix A Ogbo; Mayowa O Owolabi; George C Patton; Farshad Pourmalek; Mostafa Qorbani; Anwar Rafay; Rajesh K Rai; Chhabi L Ranabhat; Nikolas Reinig; Saeid Safiri; Joshua A Salomon; Juan R Sanabria; Itamar S Santos; Benn Sartorius; Monika Sawhney; Josef Schmidhuber; Aletta E Schutte; Maria I Schmidt; Sadaf G Sepanlou; Moretza Shamsizadeh; Sara Sheikhbahaei; Min-Jeong Shin; Rahman Shiri; Ivy Shiue; Hirbo S Roba; Diego A S Silva; Jonathan I Silverberg; Jasvinder A Singh; Saverio Stranges; Soumya Swaminathan; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Fentaw Tadese; Bemnet A Tedla; Balewgizie S Tegegne; Abdullah S Terkawi; J S Thakur; Marcello Tonelli; Roman Topor-Madry; Stefanos Tyrovolas; Kingsley N Ukwaja; Olalekan A Uthman; Masoud Vaezghasemi; Tommi Vasankari; Vasiliy V Vlassov; Stein E Vollset; Elisabete Weiderpass; Andrea Werdecker; Joshua Wesana; Ronny Westerman; Yuichiro Yano; Naohiro Yonemoto; Gerald Yonga; Zoubida Zaidi; Zerihun M Zenebe; Ben Zipkin; Christopher J L Murray Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2017-06-12 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: L T van Hulsteijn; R Pasquali; F Casanueva; M Haluzik; S Ledoux; M P Monteiro; J Salvador; F Santini; H Toplak; O M Dekkers Journal: Eur J Endocrinol Date: 2020-01 Impact factor: 6.664
Authors: S Ippolito; D Gallo; S Uccella; M L Tanda; A Baj; F Novazzi; A Genoni; M Annoni; N Mancini; N Clementi; G Finzi; E Piantanida; P Premoli; A Lai; D Dalla Gasperina; F Maggi Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2022-01-05 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: S Ippolito; D Gallo; A Rossini; B Patera; N Lanzo; G F M Fazzino; E Piantanida; M L Tanda Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2022-01-29 Impact factor: 5.467
Authors: A Basolo; A M Poma; D Bonuccelli; A Proietti; E Macerola; C Ugolini; L Torregrossa; R Giannini; P Vignali; F Basolo; F Santini; A Toniolo Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2022-02-15 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: P Fierabracci; A Basolo; G Scartabelli; S Bechi Genzano; G Salvetti; G Sotgia; M Rotondi; L Chiovato; G Ceccarini; F Santini Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2022-07-04 Impact factor: 5.467