Rohan Rao1, Jasmine A McDonald2, Emily S Barrett3, Patricia Greenberg4, Dede K Teteh5, Susanne B Montgomery6, Bo Qin7, Yong Lin8, Chi-Chen Hong9, Christine B Ambrosone9, Kitaw Demissie10, Elisa V Bandera8, Adana A M Llanos11. 1. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. 3. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA. 4. Rutgers University Biostatics & Epidemiology Services (RUBIES), Rutgers School of Public Health and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA. 5. Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA. 6. Behavioral Health Institute, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA. 7. Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. 8. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. 9. Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA. 10. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA. 11. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Electronic address: adana.llanos@rutgers.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Building upon our earlier findings of significant associations between hair dye and relaxer use with increased breast cancer risk, we evaluated associations of select characteristics of use with breast tumor clinicopathology. METHODS: Using multivariable-adjusted models we examined the associations of interest in a case-only study of 2998 women with breast cancer, overall and stratified by race and estrogen receptor (ER) status, addressing multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Compared to salon application of permanent hair dye, home kit and combination application (both salon and home kit application) were associated with increased odds of poorly differentiated tumors in the overall sample. This association was consistent among Black (home kit: OR 2.22, 95 % CI: 1.21-5.00; combination: OR 2.46, 95 % CI: 1.21-5.00), but not White women, and among ER+ (home kit: OR 1.47, 95 % CI: 0.82-2.63; combination: OR 2.98, 95 % CI: 1.62-5.49) but not ER-cases. Combination application of relaxers was associated with increased odds of tumors >2.0 cm vs. <1.0 cm (OR = 1.82, 95 % CI: 1.23-2.69). Longer duration and earlier use of relaxers and combination application of permanent hair dyes and relaxers were associated with breast tumor features including higher tumor grade and larger tumor size, which often denote more aggressive phenotypes, although the findings did not maintain significance with Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS: These novel data support reported associations between hair dye and relaxer use with breast cancer, showing for the first time, associations with breast tumor clinicopathologic features. Improved hair product exposure measurement is essential for fully understanding the impact of these environmental exposure with breast cancer and to guide risk reduction strategies in the future.
BACKGROUND: Building upon our earlier findings of significant associations between hair dye and relaxer use with increased breast cancer risk, we evaluated associations of select characteristics of use with breast tumor clinicopathology. METHODS: Using multivariable-adjusted models we examined the associations of interest in a case-only study of 2998 women with breast cancer, overall and stratified by race and estrogen receptor (ER) status, addressing multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Compared to salon application of permanent hair dye, home kit and combination application (both salon and home kit application) were associated with increased odds of poorly differentiated tumors in the overall sample. This association was consistent among Black (home kit: OR 2.22, 95 % CI: 1.21-5.00; combination: OR 2.46, 95 % CI: 1.21-5.00), but not White women, and among ER+ (home kit: OR 1.47, 95 % CI: 0.82-2.63; combination: OR 2.98, 95 % CI: 1.62-5.49) but not ER-cases. Combination application of relaxers was associated with increased odds of tumors >2.0 cm vs. <1.0 cm (OR = 1.82, 95 % CI: 1.23-2.69). Longer duration and earlier use of relaxers and combination application of permanent hair dyes and relaxers were associated with breast tumor features including higher tumor grade and larger tumor size, which often denote more aggressive phenotypes, although the findings did not maintain significance with Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS: These novel data support reported associations between hair dye and relaxer use with breast cancer, showing for the first time, associations with breast tumor clinicopathologic features. Improved hair product exposure measurement is essential for fully understanding the impact of these environmental exposure with breast cancer and to guide risk reduction strategies in the future.
Authors: M Yi; L Huo; K B Koenig; E A Mittendorf; F Meric-Bernstam; H M Kuerer; I Bedrosian; A U Buzdar; W F Symmans; J R Crow; M Bender; R R Shah; G N Hortobagyi; K K Hunt Journal: Ann Oncol Date: 2014-02-20 Impact factor: 32.976
Authors: Manuela Gago-Dominguez; Douglas A Bell; Mary A Watson; Jian-Min Yuan; J Esteban Castelao; David W Hein; Kenneth K Chan; Gerhard A Coetzee; Ronald K Ross; Mimi C Yu Journal: Carcinogenesis Date: 2003-03 Impact factor: 4.944
Authors: Elisa V Bandera; Kitaw Demissie; Bo Qin; Adana A M Llanos; Yong Lin; Baichen Xu; Karen Pawlish; Jesse J Plascak; Jennifer Tsui; Angela R Omilian; William McCann; Song Yao; Christine B Ambrosone; Chi-Chen Hong Journal: J Cancer Surviv Date: 2020-01-06 Impact factor: 4.442
Authors: Alexandra J White; Allyson M Gregoire; Kyla W Taylor; Carolyn Eberle; Symielle Gaston; Katie M O'Brien; Chandra L Jackson; Dale P Sandler Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2020-12-14 Impact factor: 7.316
Authors: Rebecca D Kehm; Adana A M Llanos; Jasmine A McDonald; Parisa Tehranifar; Mary Beth Terry Journal: Cancers (Basel) Date: 2022-08-26 Impact factor: 6.575