Charlotte Jane Whiffin1, Fergus Gracey2, Caroline Ellis-Hill3. 1. College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom. Electronic address: c.whiffin@derby.ac.uk. 2. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: f.gracey@uea.ac.uk. 3. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Royal London House R110, Christchurch Road, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, United Kingdom. Electronic address: cehill@bournemouth.ac.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury has a significant effect on uninjured family members. Typically, this has been examined with a focus on psychopathological outcomes including stress, depression and anxiety. However, in recent years there has been increasing interest in the subjective experiences of families post-injury leading to a plethora of qualitative studies. Therefore, an in-depth examination and synthesis of this literature is now relevant and timely. OBJECTIVE: To examine the subjective experiences of families following traumatic brain injury in adult populations in the sub/post-acute period through the synthesis of original qualitative research. DESIGN: This paper presents a meta-synthesis using Thomas and Harden's framework of 'thematic synthesis' rooted in a critical realist philosophy. DATA SOURCES: In July 2019 five electronic databases, were searched for the terms 'traumatic brain injury', 'family' and 'qualitative'. Studies were included if the primary research reported qualitative data about the subjective experiences of family members of adults with traumatic brain injury and had been published in a peer reviewed journal. Studies with mixed brain injury samples, child or adolescent traumatic brain injury or disorders of consciousness were excluded. Hand searching and citation searches were also completed. REVIEW METHODS: Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full text and reached consensus through critical discussion. Thirty papers were finally agreed for inclusion in this review. Each study was then assessed for relevance, resonance and rigour using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Line by line coding of the findings in each paper was conducted as the basis for a thematic analysis and synthesis. RESULTS: Descriptive themes were identified followed later by analytical themes. This final stage was informed by a narrative lens and from these, eight narrative functions belonging to four dimensions were identified from the subjective experiences of families post-traumatic brain injury. Specifically, these were: (1) Displacing and Anchoring; (2) Rupturing and Stabilising; (3) Isolating and Connecting; (4) Harming and Healing. CONCLUSIONS: The interpretation of the narrative functions revealed the substantial existential work involved in negotiating lives, maintaining family system equilibrium and moving forward. As such, family members have their own unique narrative needs. Despite contemporary service models built around the injured person, service providers are well placed to support families in this everyday narrative work through actively attending to narrative structures and understanding the implications of these for family experience. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) in July 2018 (Registration number: CRD42018085824). Tweetable abstract: This synthesis showed the immense and invisible work required for family members to maintain family system equilibrium and negotiate their lives post-TBI.
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury has a significant effect on uninjured family members. Typically, this has been examined with a focus on psychopathological outcomes including stress, depression and anxiety. However, in recent years there has been increasing interest in the subjective experiences of families post-injury leading to a plethora of qualitative studies. Therefore, an in-depth examination and synthesis of this literature is now relevant and timely. OBJECTIVE: To examine the subjective experiences of families following traumatic brain injury in adult populations in the sub/post-acute period through the synthesis of original qualitative research. DESIGN: This paper presents a meta-synthesis using Thomas and Harden's framework of 'thematic synthesis' rooted in a critical realist philosophy. DATA SOURCES: In July 2019 five electronic databases, were searched for the terms 'traumatic brain injury', 'family' and 'qualitative'. Studies were included if the primary research reported qualitative data about the subjective experiences of family members of adults with traumatic brain injury and had been published in a peer reviewed journal. Studies with mixed brain injury samples, child or adolescent traumatic brain injury or disorders of consciousness were excluded. Hand searching and citation searches were also completed. REVIEW METHODS: Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full text and reached consensus through critical discussion. Thirty papers were finally agreed for inclusion in this review. Each study was then assessed for relevance, resonance and rigour using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Line by line coding of the findings in each paper was conducted as the basis for a thematic analysis and synthesis. RESULTS: Descriptive themes were identified followed later by analytical themes. This final stage was informed by a narrative lens and from these, eight narrative functions belonging to four dimensions were identified from the subjective experiences of families post-traumatic brain injury. Specifically, these were: (1) Displacing and Anchoring; (2) Rupturing and Stabilising; (3) Isolating and Connecting; (4) Harming and Healing. CONCLUSIONS: The interpretation of the narrative functions revealed the substantial existential work involved in negotiating lives, maintaining family system equilibrium and moving forward. As such, family members have their own unique narrative needs. Despite contemporary service models built around the injured person, service providers are well placed to support families in this everyday narrative work through actively attending to narrative structures and understanding the implications of these for family experience. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) in July 2018 (Registration number: CRD42018085824). Tweetable abstract: This synthesis showed the immense and invisible work required for family members to maintain family system equilibrium and negotiate their lives post-TBI.
Authors: Charlotte J Whiffin; Brandon G Smith; Santhani M Selveindran; Tom Bashford; Ignatius N Esene; Harry Mee; M Tariq Barki; Ronnie E Baticulon; Kathleen J Khu; Peter J Hutchinson; Angelos G Kolias Journal: World Neurosurg Date: 2021-12-18 Impact factor: 2.210