T V Doronina1, E M Lazareva2,3. 1. Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Building 12, Moscow, 119992, Russia. matveevatatiana.94@yandex.ru. 2. Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Building 12, Moscow, 119992, Russia. 3. All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550, Russia.
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: During antipodal cells PCD, polytene chromosomes rearrangement, segregation of nucleoli components and extrusion of nuclear components occur, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria and DNA breaks appear. We studied in detail the nuclei of cells of the antipodal complex of wheat embryo sac (Triticum aestivum L.) during programmed cell death (PCD). The antipodal complex has been reported to be formed before double fertilisation of the embryo sac. Polyploidisation leads to the formation of giant polytene chromosomes in the nuclei of antipodal cells. These chromosomes are involved in secretory functions and are important for the development of cellular endosperm. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling assay and immunodetection revealed DNA breaks in the nuclei and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm of antipodal cells during PCD. We used transmission electron microscopy, immunodetection and histochemistry to analyse the characteristic structural changes in the nuclei of antipodal cells during PCD. These included sequential structural changes in the nuclei containing polytene chromosomes, segregation of some components of the nucleolus into the bodies of polytene chromosomes, extrusion of nucleolar components and parts of chromosomes into the cytoplasm of antipodal cells and then into the endosperm coenocyte. The obtained results expand the understanding of the structural changes of plant cells with giant polytene chromosomes during PCD.
MAIN CONCLUSION: During antipodal cells PCD, polytene chromosomes rearrangement, segregation of nucleoli components and extrusion of nuclear components occur, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria and DNA breaks appear. We studied in detail the nuclei of cells of the antipodal complex of wheat embryo sac (Triticum aestivum L.) during programmed cell death (PCD). The antipodal complex has been reported to be formed before double fertilisation of the embryo sac. Polyploidisation leads to the formation of giant polytene chromosomes in the nuclei of antipodal cells. These chromosomes are involved in secretory functions and are important for the development of cellular endosperm. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling assay and immunodetection revealed DNA breaks in the nuclei and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm of antipodal cells during PCD. We used transmission electron microscopy, immunodetection and histochemistry to analyse the characteristic structural changes in the nuclei of antipodal cells during PCD. These included sequential structural changes in the nuclei containing polytene chromosomes, segregation of some components of the nucleolus into the bodies of polytene chromosomes, extrusion of nucleolar components and parts of chromosomes into the cytoplasm of antipodal cells and then into the endosperm coenocyte. The obtained results expand the understanding of the structural changes of plant cells with giant polytene chromosomes during PCD.
Authors: Lorenzo Galluzzi; Ilio Vitale; Stuart A Aaronson; John M Abrams; Dieter Adam; Patrizia Agostinis; Emad S Alnemri; Lucia Altucci; Ivano Amelio; David W Andrews; Margherita Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli; Alexey V Antonov; Eli Arama; Eric H Baehrecke; Nickolai A Barlev; Nicolas G Bazan; Francesca Bernassola; Mathieu J M Bertrand; Katiuscia Bianchi; Mikhail V Blagosklonny; Klas Blomgren; Christoph Borner; Patricia Boya; Catherine Brenner; Michelangelo Campanella; Eleonora Candi; Didac Carmona-Gutierrez; Francesco Cecconi; Francis K-M Chan; Navdeep S Chandel; Emily H Cheng; Jerry E Chipuk; John A Cidlowski; Aaron Ciechanover; Gerald M Cohen; Marcus Conrad; Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz; Peter E Czabotar; Vincenzo D'Angiolella; Ted M Dawson; Valina L Dawson; Vincenzo De Laurenzi; Ruggero De Maria; Klaus-Michael Debatin; Ralph J DeBerardinis; Mohanish Deshmukh; Nicola Di Daniele; Francesco Di Virgilio; Vishva M Dixit; Scott J Dixon; Colin S Duckett; Brian D Dynlacht; Wafik S El-Deiry; John W Elrod; Gian Maria Fimia; Simone Fulda; Ana J García-Sáez; Abhishek D Garg; Carmen Garrido; Evripidis Gavathiotis; Pierre Golstein; Eyal Gottlieb; Douglas R Green; Lloyd A Greene; Hinrich Gronemeyer; Atan Gross; Gyorgy Hajnoczky; J Marie Hardwick; Isaac S Harris; Michael O Hengartner; Claudio Hetz; Hidenori Ichijo; Marja Jäättelä; Bertrand Joseph; Philipp J Jost; Philippe P Juin; William J Kaiser; Michael Karin; Thomas Kaufmann; Oliver Kepp; Adi Kimchi; Richard N Kitsis; Daniel J Klionsky; Richard A Knight; Sharad Kumar; Sam W Lee; John J Lemasters; Beth Levine; Andreas Linkermann; Stuart A Lipton; Richard A Lockshin; Carlos López-Otín; Scott W Lowe; Tom Luedde; Enrico Lugli; Marion MacFarlane; Frank Madeo; Michal Malewicz; Walter Malorni; Gwenola Manic; Jean-Christophe Marine; Seamus J Martin; Jean-Claude Martinou; Jan Paul Medema; Patrick Mehlen; Pascal Meier; Sonia Melino; Edward A Miao; Jeffery D Molkentin; Ute M Moll; Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo; Shigekazu Nagata; Gabriel Nuñez; Andrew Oberst; Moshe Oren; Michael Overholtzer; Michele Pagano; Theocharis Panaretakis; Manolis Pasparakis; Josef M Penninger; David M Pereira; Shazib Pervaiz; Marcus E Peter; Mauro Piacentini; Paolo Pinton; Jochen H M Prehn; Hamsa Puthalakath; Gabriel A Rabinovich; Markus Rehm; Rosario Rizzuto; Cecilia M P Rodrigues; David C Rubinsztein; Thomas Rudel; Kevin M Ryan; Emre Sayan; Luca Scorrano; Feng Shao; Yufang Shi; John Silke; Hans-Uwe Simon; Antonella Sistigu; Brent R Stockwell; Andreas Strasser; Gyorgy Szabadkai; Stephen W G Tait; Daolin Tang; Nektarios Tavernarakis; Andrew Thorburn; Yoshihide Tsujimoto; Boris Turk; Tom Vanden Berghe; Peter Vandenabeele; Matthew G Vander Heiden; Andreas Villunger; Herbert W Virgin; Karen H Vousden; Domagoj Vucic; Erwin F Wagner; Henning Walczak; David Wallach; Ying Wang; James A Wells; Will Wood; Junying Yuan; Zahra Zakeri; Boris Zhivotovsky; Laurence Zitvogel; Gerry Melino; Guido Kroemer Journal: Cell Death Differ Date: 2018-01-23 Impact factor: 12.067