María J Marquine1,2, Linda C Gallo3, Wassim Tarraf4, Benson Wu5, Alison A Moore1, Priscilla M Vásquez6, Gregory Talavera3, Matthew Allison7, Elizabeth Muñoz8, Carmen R Isasi9, Krista M Perreira10, Sherman J Bigornia11, Martha Daviglus12, Mayra L Estrella12, Donglin Zeng13, Hector M González5. 1. Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. 2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. 3. Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA. 4. Department of Healthcare Sciences, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA. 5. Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. 6. Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA. 7. Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. 8. Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. 9. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. 10. Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 11. Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA. 12. Institute of Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 13. Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Identifying sociocultural correlates of neurocognitive dysfunction among Hispanics/Latinos, and their underlying biological pathways, is crucial for understanding disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We examined cross-sectional associations between stress and neurocognition, and the role that metabolic syndrome (MetS) and systemic inflammation might play in these associations. METHOD: Participants included 3,045 adults aged 45-75 (56% female, education 0-20+ years, 86% Spanish-speaking, 23% U.S.-born), enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and its Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Global neurocognition was the primary outcome and operationalized as the average of the z scores of measures of learning and memory, word fluency, and processing speed. Stress measures included self-report assessments of stress appraisal (perceived and acculturative stress) and exposure to chronic and traumatic stressors. MetS was defined via established criteria including waist circumference, high blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Systemic inflammation was represented by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS: Separate survey multivariable linear regression models adjusting for covariates showed that higher perceived (b = -0.004, SE = 0.002, p < .05) and acculturative stress (b = -0.004, SE = 0.001, p < .0001) were significantly associated with worse global neurocognition, while lifetime exposure to traumatic stressors was associated with better global neurocognition (b = 0.034, SE = 0.009, p < .001). Neither MetS nor hs-CRP were notable pathways in the association between stress and neurocognition; rather, they were both independently associated with worse neurocognition in models including stress measures (ps < .05). DISCUSSION: These cross-sectional analyses suggest that stress appraisal, MetS, and systemic inflammation may be targets to reduce neurocognitive dysfunction among Hispanics/Latinos.
OBJECTIVES: Identifying sociocultural correlates of neurocognitive dysfunction among Hispanics/Latinos, and their underlying biological pathways, is crucial for understanding disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We examined cross-sectional associations between stress and neurocognition, and the role that metabolic syndrome (MetS) and systemic inflammation might play in these associations. METHOD: Participants included 3,045 adults aged 45-75 (56% female, education 0-20+ years, 86% Spanish-speaking, 23% U.S.-born), enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and its Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Global neurocognition was the primary outcome and operationalized as the average of the z scores of measures of learning and memory, word fluency, and processing speed. Stress measures included self-report assessments of stress appraisal (perceived and acculturative stress) and exposure to chronic and traumatic stressors. MetS was defined via established criteria including waist circumference, high blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Systemic inflammation was represented by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS: Separate survey multivariable linear regression models adjusting for covariates showed that higher perceived (b = -0.004, SE = 0.002, p < .05) and acculturative stress (b = -0.004, SE = 0.001, p < .0001) were significantly associated with worse global neurocognition, while lifetime exposure to traumatic stressors was associated with better global neurocognition (b = 0.034, SE = 0.009, p < .001). Neither MetS nor hs-CRP were notable pathways in the association between stress and neurocognition; rather, they were both independently associated with worse neurocognition in models including stress measures (ps < .05). DISCUSSION: These cross-sectional analyses suggest that stress appraisal, MetS, and systemic inflammation may be targets to reduce neurocognitive dysfunction among Hispanics/Latinos.
Authors: Jessica L McCurley; Paul J Mills; Scott C Roesch; Mercedes Carnethon; Rebeca E Giacinto; Carmen R Isasi; Yanping Teng; Daniela Sotres-Alvarez; Maria M Llabre; Frank J Penedo; Neil Schneiderman; Linda C Gallo Journal: Psychophysiology Date: 2015-04-20 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Carmen R Isasi; Christina M Parrinello; Molly M Jung; Mercedes R Carnethon; Orit Birnbaum-Weitzman; Rebeca A Espinoza; Frank J Penedo; Krista M Perreira; Neil Schneiderman; Daniela Sotres-Alvarez; Linda Van Horn; Linda C Gallo Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2014-11-12 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: L A Farrer; L A Cupples; J L Haines; B Hyman; W A Kukull; R Mayeux; R H Myers; M A Pericak-Vance; N Risch; C M van Duijn Journal: JAMA Date: 1997 Oct 22-29 Impact factor: 56.272