Samuel L Battalio1, David E Conroy2, Walter Dempsey3, Peng Liao4, Marianne Menictas4, Susan Murphy4, Inbal Nahum-Shani3, Tianchen Qian5, Santosh Kumar6, Bonnie Spring7. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America. 2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America; Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, 266 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America. 3. Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Room 2464, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, United States of America. 4. Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Science Center 400 Suite, One Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America. 5. Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America. 6. Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, 319 Dunn Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, United States of America. 7. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America. Electronic address: bspring@northwestern.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Relapse to smoking is commonly triggered by stress, but behavioral interventions have shown only modest efficacy in preventing stress-related relapse. Continuous digital sensing to detect states of smoking risk and intervention receptivity may make it feasible to increase treatment efficacy by adapting intervention timing. OBJECTIVE: Aims are to investigate whether the delivery of a prompt to perform stress management behavior, as compared to no prompt, reduces the likelihood of (a) being stressed and (b) smoking in the subsequent two hours, and (c) whether current stress moderates these effects. STUDY DESIGN: A micro-randomized trial will be implemented with 75 adult smokers who wear Autosense chest and wrist sensors and use the mCerebrum suite of smartphone apps to report and respond to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) questions about smoking and mood for 4 days before and 10 days after a quit attempt and to access a set of stress-management apps. Sensor data will be processed on the smartphone in real time using the cStress algorithm to classify minutes as probably stressed or probably not stressed. Stressed and non-stressed minutes will be micro-randomized to deliver either a prompt to perform a stress management exercise via one of the apps or no prompt (2.5-3 stress management prompts will be delivered daily). Sensor and self-report assessments of stress and smoking will be analyzed to optimize decision rules for a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) to prevent smoking relapse. SIGNIFICANCE: Sense2Stop will be the first digital trial using wearable sensors and micro-randomization to optimize a just-in-time adaptive stress management intervention for smoking relapse prevention.
BACKGROUND: Relapse to smoking is commonly triggered by stress, but behavioral interventions have shown only modest efficacy in preventing stress-related relapse. Continuous digital sensing to detect states of smoking risk and intervention receptivity may make it feasible to increase treatment efficacy by adapting intervention timing. OBJECTIVE: Aims are to investigate whether the delivery of a prompt to perform stress management behavior, as compared to no prompt, reduces the likelihood of (a) being stressed and (b) smoking in the subsequent two hours, and (c) whether current stress moderates these effects. STUDY DESIGN: A micro-randomized trial will be implemented with 75 adult smokers who wear Autosense chest and wrist sensors and use the mCerebrum suite of smartphone apps to report and respond to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) questions about smoking and mood for 4 days before and 10 days after a quit attempt and to access a set of stress-management apps. Sensor data will be processed on the smartphone in real time using the cStress algorithm to classify minutes as probably stressed or probably not stressed. Stressed and non-stressed minutes will be micro-randomized to deliver either a prompt to perform a stress management exercise via one of the apps or no prompt (2.5-3 stress management prompts will be delivered daily). Sensor and self-report assessments of stress and smoking will be analyzed to optimize decision rules for a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) to prevent smoking relapse. SIGNIFICANCE: Sense2Stop will be the first digital trial using wearable sensors and micro-randomization to optimize a just-in-time adaptive stress management intervention for smoking relapse prevention.
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