Ole Sprengeler1, Hermann Pohlabeln2, Karin Bammann3,4, Christoph Buck3, Fabio Lauria5, Vera Verbestel6, Gabriele Eiben7, Kenn Konstabel8,9,10, Dénes Molnár11, Luis A Moreno12,13,14,15, Yannis Pitsiladis16, Angie Page17,18, Lucia Reisch19, Michael Tornaritis20, Wolfgang Ahrens1,21. 1. Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany. 2. Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany. pohlabeln@leibniz-bips.de. 3. Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany. 4. Working group Epidemiology of Demographic Change, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Sciences (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. 5. Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Avellino, Italy. 6. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 7. Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden. 8. Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia. 9. School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia. 10. Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. 11. Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. 12. GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. 13. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. 14. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain. 15. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain. 16. Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Brighton, Welkin House, Eastbourne, UK. 17. Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK. 18. NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 19. Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark. 20. Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus. 21. Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since only few longitudinal studies with appropriate study designs investigated the relationship between objectively measured physical activity (PA) and overweight, the degree PA can prevent excess weight gain in children, remains unclear. Moreover, evidence is limited on how childhood overweight determines PA during childhood. Therefore, we analyzed longitudinal trajectories of objectively measured PA and their bi-directional association with weight trajectories of children at 2- and 6-year follow-ups. METHODS: Longitudinal data of three subsequent measurements from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study were used to analyze the bi-directional association between moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and weight status by means of multilevel regression models. Analyses comprised 3393 (2-year follow-up) and 1899 (6-year follow-up) children aged 2-15.9 years from eight European countries with valid accelerometer data and body mass index (BMI) measurements. For categorized analyses, children's weight status was categorized as normal weight or overweight (cutoff: 90th percentile of BMI) and children's PA as (in-) sufficiently active (cutoffs: 30, 45 and 60 min of MVPA per day). RESULTS: Children engaging in at least 60 min MVPA daily at baseline and follow-ups had a lower odds of becoming overweight (odds ratio [OR] at 2-year follow-up: 0.546, 95% CI: 0.378, 0.789 and 6-year follow-up: 0.393, 95% CI: 0.242, 0.638), compared to less active children. Similar associations were found for 45 min MVPA daily. On the other side, children who became overweight had the lowest odds to achieve 45 or 60 min MVPA daily (ORs: 0.459 to 0.634), compared to normal weight children. CONCLUSIONS: Bi-directional associations between MVPA and weight status were observed. In summary, at least 60 min MVPA are still recommended for the prevention of childhood overweight. To prevent excess weight gain, 45 min MVPA per day also showed preventive effects.
BACKGROUND: Since only few longitudinal studies with appropriate study designs investigated the relationship between objectively measured physical activity (PA) and overweight, the degree PA can prevent excess weight gain in children, remains unclear. Moreover, evidence is limited on how childhood overweight determines PA during childhood. Therefore, we analyzed longitudinal trajectories of objectively measured PA and their bi-directional association with weight trajectories of children at 2- and 6-year follow-ups. METHODS: Longitudinal data of three subsequent measurements from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study were used to analyze the bi-directional association between moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and weight status by means of multilevel regression models. Analyses comprised 3393 (2-year follow-up) and 1899 (6-year follow-up) children aged 2-15.9 years from eight European countries with valid accelerometer data and body mass index (BMI) measurements. For categorized analyses, children's weight status was categorized as normal weight or overweight (cutoff: 90th percentile of BMI) and children's PA as (in-) sufficiently active (cutoffs: 30, 45 and 60 min of MVPA per day). RESULTS:Children engaging in at least 60 min MVPA daily at baseline and follow-ups had a lower odds of becoming overweight (odds ratio [OR] at 2-year follow-up: 0.546, 95% CI: 0.378, 0.789 and 6-year follow-up: 0.393, 95% CI: 0.242, 0.638), compared to less active children. Similar associations were found for 45 min MVPA daily. On the other side, children who became overweight had the lowest odds to achieve 45 or 60 min MVPA daily (ORs: 0.459 to 0.634), compared to normal weight children. CONCLUSIONS: Bi-directional associations between MVPA and weight status were observed. In summary, at least 60 min MVPA are still recommended for the prevention of childhood overweight. To prevent excess weight gain, 45 min MVPA per day also showed preventive effects.
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