Tobias Siegfried Kramer1,2,3, Janine Walter4,5,6, Christin Schröder4,5, Michael Behnke4,5, Jörg Clausmeyer4,5, Christiane Reichardt4,5,6, Petra Gastmeier4,5,6, Karin Bunte4,5,6. 1. Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. tobias.kramer@charite.de. 2. National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Hindenburgdamm 27 in, 12203, Berlin, Germany. tobias.kramer@charite.de. 3. Aktion Saubere Hände Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. tobias.kramer@charite.de. 4. Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 5. National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Hindenburgdamm 27 in, 12203, Berlin, Germany. 6. Aktion Saubere Hände Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene plays a crucial role in the transmission of pathogens and the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. In 2007, a voluntary national electronic surveillance tool for the documentation of consumption of alcohol-based hand rub (AHC) was introduced as a surrogate for hand hygiene compliance (HAND-KISS) and for the provision of benchmark data as feedback. The aim of the study was to determine the trend in alcohol-based hand rub consumption between 2007 and 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, AHC and patient days (PD) were documented on every ward in participating hospitals by trained local staff. Data was collected and validated in HAND-KISS. Intensive care units (ICU), intermediate care units (IMC), and regular wards (RW) that provided data during the study period between 2007 until 2018 were included into the study. RESULTS: In 2018, 75.2% of acute care hospitals in Germany (n = 1.460) participated. On ICUs (n = 1998) mean AHC increased 1.74 fold (95%CI 1.71, 1.76; p < .0001) from 79.2 ml/PD to 137.4 ml/PD. On IMCs (n = 475) AHC increased 1.69 fold (95%CI 1.60, 1.79; p < .0001) from 41.4 ml/PD to 70.6 ml /PD..On RWs (n = 14,857) AHC was 19.0 ml/PD in 2007 and increased 1.71 fold (95%CI 1.70, 1.73; p < .0001) to 32.6 ml/PD in 2018. CONCLUSIONS: AHC in German hospitals increased on all types of wards during the past 12 years. Surveillance of AHC is widely established in German hospitals. Large differences among medical specialties exist and warrant further investigation.
BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene plays a crucial role in the transmission of pathogens and the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. In 2007, a voluntary national electronic surveillance tool for the documentation of consumption of alcohol-based hand rub (AHC) was introduced as a surrogate for hand hygiene compliance (HAND-KISS) and for the provision of benchmark data as feedback. The aim of the study was to determine the trend in alcohol-based hand rub consumption between 2007 and 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, AHC and patient days (PD) were documented on every ward in participating hospitals by trained local staff. Data was collected and validated in HAND-KISS. Intensive care units (ICU), intermediate care units (IMC), and regular wards (RW) that provided data during the study period between 2007 until 2018 were included into the study. RESULTS: In 2018, 75.2% of acute care hospitals in Germany (n = 1.460) participated. On ICUs (n = 1998) mean AHC increased 1.74 fold (95%CI 1.71, 1.76; p < .0001) from 79.2 ml/PD to 137.4 ml/PD. On IMCs (n = 475) AHC increased 1.69 fold (95%CI 1.60, 1.79; p < .0001) from 41.4 ml/PD to 70.6 ml /PD..On RWs (n = 14,857) AHC was 19.0 ml/PD in 2007 and increased 1.71 fold (95%CI 1.70, 1.73; p < .0001) to 32.6 ml/PD in 2018. CONCLUSIONS:AHC in German hospitals increased on all types of wards during the past 12 years. Surveillance of AHC is widely established in German hospitals. Large differences among medical specialties exist and warrant further investigation.
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