Jessica R Lunsford-Avery1, Andrea Pelletier-Baldelli2, Stephanie A Korenic3, Jason Schiffman4, Lauren M Ellman3, Leah Jackson5, Vijay A Mittal6. 1. Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: jessica.r.avery@duke.edu. 2. University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. 3. Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 4. University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Psychology, Baltimore, MD, USA. 5. Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA. 6. Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Science, Evanston, IL, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythm disturbances are frequently implicated in psychosis. Indeed, research has suggested several avenues by which circadian rhythms may play a mechanistic role as well as contribute to clinical outcomes. Despite its potential role as a risk factor, little is known about circadian rhythm disruption among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, clinical correlates, or specificity to the psychosis risk syndrome. METHODS: Eighty-four CHR, 74 individuals with depressive disorders (DD), and 101 non-psychiatric controls (NPC) participated in structured clinical interviews and provided self-reports of chronotype preference. Clinical (positive, negative, anxious, and depressive symptoms) and social functioning outcomes were self-reported and/or clinician-rated. Analyses of covariance controlling for demographics examined group differences in chronotype preference, and partial Pearson correlations evaluated associations with clinical/functional outcomes. RESULTS: Group differences were observed (F(11, 246) = 8.05, p < .001) with CHR and DD individuals indicating greater eveningness preference compared to NPC. A follow-up sensitivity analysis examining CHR participants with (n = 25) and without (n = 59) depressive disorders indicated no difference in chronotype preference (F(10,72) = 0.00, p = .99). Greater eveningness preference was related to greater negative symptoms (i.e., avolition; r = -0.25) and anxiety (r = -0.34) among CHR individuals. CONCLUSIONS: CHR and DD display greater preference for eveningness chronotype compared to NPC indicating the disruption is associated with a range of mental health concerns, and not specific to the psychosis-risk syndrome. However, comorbidity with DD did not appear to be driving the finding in the CHR group. Further research may examine shared versus non-shared underlying mechanisms contributing to chronotype preference across psychiatric presentations.
BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythm disturbances are frequently implicated in psychosis. Indeed, research has suggested several avenues by which circadian rhythms may play a mechanistic role as well as contribute to clinical outcomes. Despite its potential role as a risk factor, little is known about circadian rhythm disruption among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, clinical correlates, or specificity to the psychosis risk syndrome. METHODS: Eighty-four CHR, 74 individuals with depressive disorders (DD), and 101 non-psychiatric controls (NPC) participated in structured clinical interviews and provided self-reports of chronotype preference. Clinical (positive, negative, anxious, and depressive symptoms) and social functioning outcomes were self-reported and/or clinician-rated. Analyses of covariance controlling for demographics examined group differences in chronotype preference, and partial Pearson correlations evaluated associations with clinical/functional outcomes. RESULTS: Group differences were observed (F(11, 246) = 8.05, p < .001) with CHR and DD individuals indicating greater eveningness preference compared to NPC. A follow-up sensitivity analysis examining CHR participants with (n = 25) and without (n = 59) depressive disorders indicated no difference in chronotype preference (F(10,72) = 0.00, p = .99). Greater eveningness preference was related to greater negative symptoms (i.e., avolition; r = -0.25) and anxiety (r = -0.34) among CHR individuals. CONCLUSIONS: CHR and DD display greater preference for eveningness chronotype compared to NPC indicating the disruption is associated with a range of mental health concerns, and not specific to the psychosis-risk syndrome. However, comorbidity with DD did not appear to be driving the finding in the CHR group. Further research may examine shared versus non-shared underlying mechanisms contributing to chronotype preference across psychiatric presentations.
Authors: Paolo Fusar-Poli; Stefan Borgwardt; Andreas Bechdolf; Jean Addington; Anita Riecher-Rössler; Frauke Schultze-Lutter; Matcheri Keshavan; Stephen Wood; Stephan Ruhrmann; Larry J Seidman; Lucia Valmaggia; Tyrone Cannon; Eva Velthorst; Lieuwe De Haan; Barbara Cornblatt; Ilaria Bonoldi; Max Birchwood; Thomas McGlashan; William Carpenter; Patrick McGorry; Joachim Klosterkötter; Philip McGuire; Alison Yung Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2013-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Jashmina J Shetty; Christian Nicholas; Barnaby Nelson; Patrick D McGorry; Suzie Lavoie; Connie Markulev; Miriam R Schäfer; Andrew Thompson; Hok Pan Yuen; Alison R Yung; Dorien H Nieman; Lieuwe de Haan; G Paul Amminger; Jessica A Hartmann Journal: Early Interv Psychiatry Date: 2021-02-03 Impact factor: 2.732