Mark W Tenforde1, Manish M Patel1, Adit A Ginde2, David J Douin3, H Keipp Talbot4, Jonathan D Casey5, Nicholas M Mohr6, Anne Zepeski6, Manjusha Gaglani7, Tresa McNeal7, Shekhar Ghamande7, Nathan I Shapiro8, Kevin W Gibbs9, D Clark Files9, David N Hager10, Arber Shehu10, Matthew E Prekker11, Heidi L Erickson12, Matthew C Exline13, Michelle N Gong14, Amira Mohamed15, Daniel J Henning16, Jay S Steingrub17, Ithan D Peltan18, Samuel M Brown18, Emily T Martin19, Arnold S Monto19, Akram Khan20, Catherine L Hough20, Laurence W Busse21, Caitlin C Ten Lohuis22, Abhijit Duggal23, Jennifer G Wilson24, Alexandra June Gordon24, Nida Qadir25, Steven Y Chang25, Christopher Mallow26, Hayley B Gershengorn26, Hilary M Babcock27, Jennie H Kwon27, Natasha Halasa28, James D Chappell28, Adam S Lauring29, Carlos G Grijalva30, Todd W Rice5, Ian D Jones31, William B Stubblefield31, Adrienne Baughman31, Kelsey N Womack32, Christopher J Lindsell33, Kimberly W Hart33, Yuwei Zhu33, Samantha M Olson1, Meagan Stephenson1, Stephanie J Schrag1, Miwako Kobayashi1, Jennifer R Verani1, Wesley H Self34. 1. CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA. 3. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA. 4. Departments of Medicine and Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. 5. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. 6. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. 7. Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA. 8. Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 9. Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. 10. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 11. Department of Emergency Medicine and Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 12. Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 13. Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. 14. Department of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. 15. Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA. 16. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 17. Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. 18. Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. 19. School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. 20. Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA. 21. Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 22. Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 23. Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. 24. Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. 25. Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. 26. Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. 27. Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. 28. Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. 29. Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. 30. Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. 31. Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. 32. Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. 33. Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. 34. Department of Emergency Medicine and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination coverage increases in the United States, there is a need to understand the real-world effectiveness against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and among people at increased risk for poor outcomes. METHODS: In a multicenter case-control analysis of US adults hospitalized March 11-May 5, 2021, we evaluated vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 hospitalizations by comparing odds of prior vaccination with a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) between cases hospitalized with COVID-19 and hospital-based controls who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Among 1212 participants, including 593 cases and 619 controls, median age was 58 years, 22.8% were Black, 13.9% were Hispanic, and 21.0% had immunosuppression. SARS-CoV-2 lineage B0.1.1.7 (Alpha) was the most common variant (67.9% of viruses with lineage determined). Full vaccination (receipt of 2 vaccine doses ≥14 days before illness onset) had been received by 8.2% of cases and 36.4% of controls. Overall vaccine effectiveness was 87.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.7-91.3). Vaccine effectiveness was similar for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, and highest in adults aged 18-49 years (97.4%; 95% CI, 79.3-9.7). Among 45 patients with vaccine-breakthrough COVID hospitalizations, 44 (97.8%) were ≥50 years old and 20 (44.4%) had immunosuppression. Vaccine effectiveness was lower among patients with immunosuppression (62.9%; 95% CI,20.8-82.6) than without immunosuppression (91.3%; 95% CI, 85.6-94.8). CONCLUSION: During March-May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were highly effective for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations among US adults. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was beneficial for patients with immunosuppression, but effectiveness was lower in the immunosuppressed population.
BACKGROUND: As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination coverage increases in the United States, there is a need to understand the real-world effectiveness against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and among people at increased risk for poor outcomes. METHODS: In a multicenter case-control analysis of US adults hospitalized March 11-May 5, 2021, we evaluated vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 hospitalizations by comparing odds of prior vaccination with a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) between cases hospitalized with COVID-19 and hospital-based controls who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Among 1212 participants, including 593 cases and 619 controls, median age was 58 years, 22.8% were Black, 13.9% were Hispanic, and 21.0% had immunosuppression. SARS-CoV-2 lineage B0.1.1.7 (Alpha) was the most common variant (67.9% of viruses with lineage determined). Full vaccination (receipt of 2 vaccine doses ≥14 days before illness onset) had been received by 8.2% of cases and 36.4% of controls. Overall vaccine effectiveness was 87.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.7-91.3). Vaccine effectiveness was similar for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, and highest in adults aged 18-49 years (97.4%; 95% CI, 79.3-9.7). Among 45 patients with vaccine-breakthrough COVID hospitalizations, 44 (97.8%) were ≥50 years old and 20 (44.4%) had immunosuppression. Vaccine effectiveness was lower among patients with immunosuppression (62.9%; 95% CI,20.8-82.6) than without immunosuppression (91.3%; 95% CI, 85.6-94.8). CONCLUSION: During March-May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were highly effective for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations among US adults. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was beneficial for patients with immunosuppression, but effectiveness was lower in the immunosuppressed population.
Authors: Caroline M Hsu; Daniel E Weiner; Harold J Manley; Gideon N Aweh; Vladimir Ladik; Jill Frament; Dana Miskulin; Christos Argyropoulos; Kenneth Abreo; Andrew Chin; Reginald Gladish; Loay Salman; Doug Johnson; Eduardo K Lacson Journal: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2022-02-10 Impact factor: 8.237
Authors: Sally B Coburn; Elizabeth Humes; Raynell Lang; Cameron Stewart; Brenna C Hogan; Kelly A Gebo; Sonia Napravnik; Jessie K Edwards; Lindsay E Browne; Lesley S Park; Amy C Justice; Kirsha S Gordon; Michael A Horberg; Julia M Certa; Eric Watson; Celeena R Jefferson; Michael J Silverberg; Jacek Skarbinski; Wendy A Leyden; Carolyn F Williams; Keri N Althoff Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2022-06-01
Authors: Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi; Mpho Keetile; Nasser Akeil Kadasah; Noor Alshareef; Ameerah M N Qattan; Omar Alsharqi Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) Date: 2022-06-07