Emily M Nagel1, Leslie Kummer2, David R Jacobs1, Laurie Foster1, Katy Duncan3, Kelsey Johnson4, Lisa Harnack1, Jacob Haapala5, Harmeet Kharoud1, Tiffany Gallagher1, Elyse O Kharbanda5, Stephanie Pierce6, David A Fields3, Ellen W Demerath1. 1. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 2. The Mayo Clinic, Division of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. 4. Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 5. HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA. 6. Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate prospective associations between milk bioactives related to metabolic health (glucose, insulin, leptin, C reactive protein [CRP], and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) and incident formula initiation at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Design: This study included 363 mother-infant dyads who were fully breastfed at 1 month and participated in the prospective Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth study from pregnancy to 6 months postpartum. Associations between milk glucose, leptin, insulin, CRP, and IL-6 at 1 and 3 months and incident formula feeding (FF) at 3 and 6 months, respectively, were tested using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for numerous potential confounders such as maternal age and prepregnancy body mass index. Results: At 3 months postpartum, 1-month glucose (odds ratio [OR] 0.45 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27-0.75], p ≤ 0.01) and smaller decreases in glucose from 1 to 3 months (OR 0.51 [95% CI: 0.28-0.92], p = 0.03) were associated with lower odds of FF, whereas 1-month leptin (OR 2.30 [95% CI: 1.30-4.07], p < 0.01) and larger increase in insulin (OR 1.86 [95% CI: 1.23-2.81], p < 0.01) and leptin (OR 2.17 [95% CI: 1.29-3.68], p < 0.01) from 1 to 3 months were associated with increased odds of FF. At 6 months, insulin increases (OR 2.08 [95% CI: 1.03-4.17], p = 0.04) were associated with higher odds of FF. Conclusions: In a cohort of women with established lactation, 1-month milk glucose, insulin, and leptin predicted initiation of FF at 3 months. Early milk composition may provide a window into mammary gland function, allowing identification of women at risk of not meeting their breastfeeding goals.
Objective: We aimed to investigate prospective associations between milk bioactives related to metabolic health (glucose, insulin, leptin, C reactive protein [CRP], and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) and incident formula initiation at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Design: This study included 363 mother-infant dyads who were fully breastfed at 1 month and participated in the prospective Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth study from pregnancy to 6 months postpartum. Associations between milk glucose, leptin, insulin, CRP, and IL-6 at 1 and 3 months and incident formula feeding (FF) at 3 and 6 months, respectively, were tested using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for numerous potential confounders such as maternal age and prepregnancy body mass index. Results: At 3 months postpartum, 1-month glucose (odds ratio [OR] 0.45 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27-0.75], p ≤ 0.01) and smaller decreases in glucose from 1 to 3 months (OR 0.51 [95% CI: 0.28-0.92], p = 0.03) were associated with lower odds of FF, whereas 1-month leptin (OR 2.30 [95% CI: 1.30-4.07], p < 0.01) and larger increase in insulin (OR 1.86 [95% CI: 1.23-2.81], p < 0.01) and leptin (OR 2.17 [95% CI: 1.29-3.68], p < 0.01) from 1 to 3 months were associated with increased odds of FF. At 6 months, insulin increases (OR 2.08 [95% CI: 1.03-4.17], p = 0.04) were associated with higher odds of FF. Conclusions: In a cohort of women with established lactation, 1-month milk glucose, insulin, and leptin predicted initiation of FF at 3 months. Early milk composition may provide a window into mammary gland function, allowing identification of women at risk of not meeting their breastfeeding goals.
Entities:
Keywords:
bioactives; breastfeeding; formula; human milk; infants; lactation; metabolic health
Authors: Paul A Harris; Robert Taylor; Robert Thielke; Jonathon Payne; Nathaniel Gonzalez; Jose G Conde Journal: J Biomed Inform Date: 2008-09-30 Impact factor: 6.317
Authors: Audrey T Moynihan; Mark P Hehir; Siobhan V Glavey; Terry J Smith; John J Morrison Journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol Date: 2006-05-02 Impact factor: 8.661
Authors: Ali S Cheema; Lisa F Stinson; Alethea Rea; Ching Tat Lai; Matthew S Payne; Kevin Murray; Donna T Geddes; Zoya Gridneva Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-10-22 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Yuni Choi; Emily M Nagel; Harmeet Kharoud; Kelsey E Johnson; Tipper Gallagher; Katy Duncan; Elyse O Kharbanda; David A Fields; Cheryl A Gale; Katherine Jacobs; David R Jacobs; Ellen W Demerath Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-02-04 Impact factor: 5.717