Fatal transfusion reactions caused by donor antibodies to recipient leukocytes.

Of three patients who suffered episodes of acute respiratory deterioration following blood transfusion, two died. The cause is believed to have been antibody in the donor plasma directed against recipient leukocytes. Autopsy examination of the lungs and serological study of blood donors established the diagnosis. While these transfusion complications are not rare, unfamiliarity with them leads to incorrect diagnosis.