Caroline Maldaner Follmer1, Ana Paula Hummes2, Nadia Canali Lângaro2, Claudia Petry2, Diovane Freire Moterle3, Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi4. 1. University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, km 292, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil. 2. Postgraduate Program in Agronomy, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, km 292, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil. 3. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande Do Sul, Osvaldo Aranha, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, 540, 995700-000, Brazil. 4. Laboratory of Land Use and Natural Resources, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, km 292, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil. edsonb@upf.br.
Abstract
Reducing pesticide application in agricultural land is a major challenge for the twenty-first century. Responses of weed seed's germination and seedling's early development to chemical soil conditions around the seed may be a promising way to aid weed control in a no-till system. Thus, the objective of this work was to test, under controlled conditions, whether different chemical conditions affect the germination and development of horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist]. We used, as treatment, solutions containing different nutrients (P, K, Ca, and Mg), separately and in combination, and at two pH levels (4.8 and 6.5). Phosphorus alone inhibited horseweed seed germination at ~ 7 times while had ~ 4 times reduction in final germination percentage and germination speed index for both pH tested. Other nutrients tested had a no-effect in germination speed index compared to the control treatment. Potassium alone or associated with other ions (P, Ca, and Mg) at pH 4.8 had a synergistic effect on seedling development (root and shoot length). In the same way, K associated with Mg was synergistic to the root length at pH 6.5. Seeds in the control treatment (distilled water) presented a high germination speed index at pH 6.5, while at low pH this parameter was higher when in association with KMg, PMg and Ca. The findings demonstrate that seed germination traits and seedling development of horseweed depend on nutrient kind exposure and pH conditions in the seed environment. This work suggests that adequate topsoil management (i.e., pH and nutrient availability) may aid to reduce weed germination, because, it consists of an important factor of weed occurrence in agricultural areas.
Reducing pesticide application in agriculturn class="Chemical">al lanpan>d is a major chn class="Chemical">allenge for the twenty-first century. Responses of weed seed's germination and seedling's early development to chemical soil conditions around the seed may be a promising way to aid weed control in a no-till system. Thus, the objective of this work was to test, under controlled conditions, whether different chemical conditions affect the germination and development of horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist]. We used, as treatment, solutions containing different nutrients (P, K, Ca, and Mg), separately and in combination, and at two pH levels (4.8 and 6.5). Phosphorusalone inhibited horseweed seed germination at ~ 7 times while had ~ 4 times reduction in final germination percentage and germination speed index for both pH tested. Other nutrients tested had a no-effect in germination speed index compared to the control treatment. Potassiumalone or associated with other ions (P, Ca, and Mg) at pH 4.8 had a synergistic effect on seedling development (root and shoot length). In the same way, K associated with Mg was synergistic to the root length at pH 6.5. Seeds in the control treatment (distilled water) presented a high germination speed index at pH 6.5, while at low pH this parameter was higher when in association with KMg, PMg and Ca. The findings demonstrate that seed germination traits and seedling development of horseweed depend on nutrient kind exposure and pH conditions in the seed environment. This work suggests that adequate topsoil management (i.e., pH and nutrient availability) may aid to reduce weed germination, because, it consists of an important factor of weed occurrence in agricultural areas.
Authors: Matteo Dainese; Emily A Martin; Marcelo A Aizen; Matthias Albrecht; Ignasi Bartomeus; Riccardo Bommarco; Luisa G Carvalheiro; Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer; Vesna Gagic; Lucas A Garibaldi; Jaboury Ghazoul; Heather Grab; Mattias Jonsson; Daniel S Karp; Christina M Kennedy; David Kleijn; Claire Kremen; Douglas A Landis; Deborah K Letourneau; Lorenzo Marini; Katja Poveda; Romina Rader; Henrik G Smith; Teja Tscharntke; Georg K S Andersson; Isabelle Badenhausser; Svenja Baensch; Antonio Diego M Bezerra; Felix J J A Bianchi; Virginie Boreux; Vincent Bretagnolle; Berta Caballero-Lopez; Pablo Cavigliasso; Aleksandar Ćetković; Natacha P Chacoff; Alice Classen; Sarah Cusser; Felipe D da Silva E Silva; G Arjen de Groot; Jan H Dudenhöffer; Johan Ekroos; Thijs Fijen; Pierre Franck; Breno M Freitas; Michael P D Garratt; Claudio Gratton; Juliana Hipólito; Andrea Holzschuh; Lauren Hunt; Aaron L Iverson; Shalene Jha; Tamar Keasar; Tania N Kim; Miriam Kishinevsky; Björn K Klatt; Alexandra-Maria Klein; Kristin M Krewenka; Smitha Krishnan; Ashley E Larsen; Claire Lavigne; Heidi Liere; Bea Maas; Rachel E Mallinger; Eliana Martinez Pachon; Alejandra Martínez-Salinas; Timothy D Meehan; Matthew G E Mitchell; Gonzalo A R Molina; Maike Nesper; Lovisa Nilsson; Megan E O'Rourke; Marcell K Peters; Milan Plećaš; Simon G Potts; Davi de L Ramos; Jay A Rosenheim; Maj Rundlöf; Adrien Rusch; Agustín Sáez; Jeroen Scheper; Matthias Schleuning; Julia M Schmack; Amber R Sciligo; Colleen Seymour; Dara A Stanley; Rebecca Stewart; Jane C Stout; Louis Sutter; Mayura B Takada; Hisatomo Taki; Giovanni Tamburini; Matthias Tschumi; Blandina F Viana; Catrin Westphal; Bryony K Willcox; Stephen D Wratten; Akira Yoshioka; Carlos Zaragoza-Trello; Wei Zhang; Yi Zou; Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter Journal: Sci Adv Date: 2019-10-16 Impact factor: 14.136