Generation of Induced Dopaminergic Neurons from Human Fetal Fibroblasts.

Since the first demonstration of direct dopaminergic neuronal reprogramming, over a dozen methods have been developed to generate induced dopaminergic neurons from various sources of cells. Here, we first present an overview of the different methods to generate induced neurons of a generic type and of different subtypes, with a particular focus on induced dopaminergic neurons generated from human fibroblasts. We then describe a protocol to generate induced dopaminergic neurons from commercially available human fetal lung fibroblasts. These cells could serve for various biomedical application, including regenerative medicine for conditions such as Parkinson's disease.