Ask T Nordestgaard1. 1. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730, Herlev, Denmark. ask.tybjaerg.nordestgaard@regionh.dk.
Abstract
PURPOSE: High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of mortality and morbidity, but the causality remains unclear. This review aims to discuss findings from observational studies on coffee consumption in context of Mendelian randomization studies. METHODS: The PubMed database was searched for all Mendelian randomization studies on coffee consumption and corresponding observational studies. RESULTS: High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in observational studies (HRs of 0.85-0.90 vs. no/low consumers), with no support of causality in Mendelian randomization studies. Moderate/high consumption is associated with low risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including ischemic heart disease (HRs of 0.85-0.90 vs. no/low consumption), stroke (HRs of approximately 0.80 vs. no/low consumption), type 2 diabetes (HRs of approximately 0.70 vs. no/low consumption) and obesity in observational studies, but not in Mendelian randomization studies. High consumption is associated with low risk of endometrial cancer and melanoma and high risk of lung cancer in observational studies, but with high risk of colorectal cancer in Mendelian randomization studies. In observational and Mendelian randomization studies, high coffee consumption is associated with low risk of gallstones (HRs of 0.55-0.70 for high vs. no/low self-reported and 0.81 (0.69-0.96) for highest vs. lowest genetic consumption). CONCLUSION: High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of mortality, cardiometabolic diseases, some cancers and gallstones in observational studies, with no evidence to support causality from Mendelian randomization studies for most diseases except gallstones.
PURPOSE: High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of mortality and morbidity, but the causality remains unclear. This review aims to discuss findings from observational studies on coffee consumption in context of Mendelian randomization studies. METHODS: The PubMed database was searched for all Mendelian randomization studies on coffee consumption and corresponding observational studies. RESULTS: High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in observational studies (HRs of 0.85-0.90 vs. no/low consumers), with no support of causality in Mendelian randomization studies. Moderate/high consumption is associated with low risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including ischemic heart disease (HRs of 0.85-0.90 vs. no/low consumption), stroke (HRs of approximately 0.80 vs. no/low consumption), type 2 diabetes (HRs of approximately 0.70 vs. no/low consumption) and obesity in observational studies, but not in Mendelian randomization studies. High consumption is associated with low risk of endometrial cancer and melanoma and high risk of lung cancer in observational studies, but with high risk of colorectal cancer in Mendelian randomization studies. In observational and Mendelian randomization studies, high coffee consumption is associated with low risk of gallstones (HRs of 0.55-0.70 for high vs. no/low self-reported and 0.81 (0.69-0.96) for highest vs. lowest genetic consumption). CONCLUSION: High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of mortality, cardiometabolic diseases, some cancers and gallstones in observational studies, with no evidence to support causality from Mendelian randomization studies for most diseases except gallstones.
Authors: Patrick Sulem; Daniel F Gudbjartsson; Frank Geller; Inga Prokopenko; Bjarke Feenstra; Katja K H Aben; Barbara Franke; Martin den Heijer; Peter Kovacs; Michael Stumvoll; Reedik Mägi; Lisa R Yanek; Lewis C Becker; Heather A Boyd; Simon N Stacey; G Bragi Walters; Adalbjorg Jonasdottir; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Hilma Holm; Sigurjon A Gudjonsson; Thorunn Rafnar; Gyda Björnsdottir; Diane M Becker; Mads Melbye; Augustine Kong; Anke Tönjes; Thorgeir Thorgeirsson; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; Lambertus A Kiemeney; Kari Stefansson Journal: Hum Mol Genet Date: 2011-02-28 Impact factor: 6.150
Authors: Ming Ding; Ambika Satija; Shilpa N Bhupathiraju; Yang Hu; Qi Sun; Jiali Han; Esther Lopez-Garcia; Walter Willett; Rob M van Dam; Frank B Hu Journal: Circulation Date: 2015-11-16 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: N Amin; E Byrne; J Johnson; G Chenevix-Trench; S Walter; I M Nolte; J M Vink; R Rawal; M Mangino; A Teumer; J C Keers; G Verwoert; S Baumeister; R Biffar; A Petersmann; N Dahmen; A Doering; A Isaacs; L Broer; N R Wray; G W Montgomery; D Levy; B M Psaty; V Gudnason; A Chakravarti; P Sulem; D F Gudbjartsson; L A Kiemeney; U Thorsteinsdottir; K Stefansson; F J A van Rooij; Y S Aulchenko; J J Hottenga; F R Rivadeneira; A Hofman; A G Uitterlinden; C J Hammond; S-Y Shin; A Ikram; J C M Witteman; A C J W Janssens; H Snieder; H Tiemeier; B H R Wolfenbuttel; B A Oostra; A C Heath; E Wichmann; T D Spector; H J Grabe; D I Boomsma; N G Martin; C M van Duijn Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2011-08-30 Impact factor: 15.992
Authors: Alan Kuang; Iris Erlund; Christian Herder; Johan A Westerhuis; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Marilyn C Cornelis Journal: Nutrients Date: 2018-12-01 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Johan H Bjørngaard; Ask Tybjærg Nordestgaard; Amy E Taylor; Jorien L Treur; Maiken E Gabrielsen; Marcus R Munafò; Børge Grønne Nordestgaard; Bjørn Olav Åsvold; Pål Romundstad; George Davey Smith Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2017-12-01 Impact factor: 7.196