Xiaoqian Jia1, Le Zhang1, Jing Zhao2, Mengyuan Ren1, Zewu Li1, Jiamei Wang3, Shuo Wang3, Yingying Liu1, Hang An1, Yuhuan Li1, Lailai Yan4, Zhiwen Li5, Xiaohong Liu6, Bo Pan7, Rongwei Ye1. 1. Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China. 2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650051, PR China. 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haidian Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Beijing 100101, PR China. 4. Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China. 5. Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China. Electronic address: lizw@bjmu.edu.cn. 6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haidian Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Beijing 100101, PR China. Electronic address: 13522099566@163.com. 7. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650051, PR China. Electronic address: panbocai@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) may lead to abnormal glucose metabolism and, potentially, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between five endocrine-disrupting heavy metals (EDHMs), i.e., arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and tin (Sn), in maternal hair and the risk of GDM. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study including 335 GDM cases and 343 controls without GDM based on a prospective birth cohort established in Beijing, China. Concentrations of EDHMs were analyzed in maternal hair. Log-binomial regression and multiple linear regression were used to estimate the associations between the hair concentrations of single metals and the risk of GDM, while weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression for their mixed effects. RESULTS: The median concentrations of Hg (0.442 vs. 0.403 μg/g) and Sn (0.171 vs. 0.140 μg/g) in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group. No differences were found between the two groups for the other three metals. After adjusting for confounders, the prevalence ratio (PR; highest vs. lowest tertile) of GDM risk for Hg was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.54), while that for Sn was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.04-1.53). Among women with a body mass index < 24 kg/m2, the PR (highest vs. lowest tertile) of GDM for Sn was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.09-1.75). The effect of exposure to the five EDHMs on the risk of GDM was estimated by WQS regression: Sn and Hg made the largest contributions to the WQS index (40.9% and 40.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: High maternal levels of EDHMs, particularly Sn and Hg, may promote the development of GDM.
BACKGROUND: Exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) may lead to abnormal glucose metabolism and, potentially, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between five endocrine-disrupting heavy metals (EDHMs), i.e., arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and tin (Sn), in maternal hair and the risk of GDM. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study including 335 GDM cases and 343 controls without GDM based on a prospective birth cohort established in Beijing, China. Concentrations of EDHMs were analyzed in maternal hair. Log-binomial regression and multiple linear regression were used to estimate the associations between the hair concentrations of single metals and the risk of GDM, while weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression for their mixed effects. RESULTS: The median concentrations of Hg (0.442 vs. 0.403 μg/g) and Sn (0.171 vs. 0.140 μg/g) in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group. No differences were found between the two groups for the other three metals. After adjusting for confounders, the prevalence ratio (PR; highest vs. lowest tertile) of GDM risk for Hg was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.54), while that for Sn was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.04-1.53). Among women with a body mass index < 24 kg/m2, the PR (highest vs. lowest tertile) of GDM for Sn was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.09-1.75). The effect of exposure to the five EDHMs on the risk of GDM was estimated by WQS regression: Sn and Hg made the largest contributions to the WQS index (40.9% and 40.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: High maternal levels of EDHMs, particularly Sn and Hg, may promote the development of GDM.
Authors: Jigen Na; Huiting Chen; Hang An; Mengyuan Ren; Xiaoqian Jia; Bin Wang; Zhiwen Li; Xiaohong Liu; Rongwei Ye; Nan Li Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-04-13 Impact factor: 4.614