OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of whole grain rice on blood sugar, blood lipid and metabonomics compared with ordinary feed and refined rice. METHODS: According to the initial body weight and fasting blood glucose, 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, RG-rice group and WG-rice group, fed with AIN-93 G feed, feeds prepared with refined rice flour or brown rice flour, respectively, for 18 weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment, abdominal aortic blood was taken to measure blood glucose and blood lipids, and untargeted metabolomics was performed. RESULTS: During the experiment, the body weight growth and food intake of rats in each group were basically the same. Fasting blood glucose(FBG) in RG-rice group were(10.12±1.51)mmol/L, which were significantly higher than those in other groups, hepatic glycogen in RG-rice group were(0.90±0.33)mg/g, which were significantly higher than those in WG-rice group. TC and LDL in RG-rice group were(1.85±0.21)mmol/L and(0.84±0.10)mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in control group and RG-rice group(P& lt; 0.05). The non-targeted metabolomics result were compared in pairs. A total of 30 metabolic differences were found between the control and RG-rice groups, involving 8 potential pathways, 12 metabolic differences were found between the control and WG-rice groups, involving 2 potential pathways, 18 metabolic differences were found between the RG-rice and WG-rice groups, involving 4 potential pathways. Pathway enrichment was performed again according to the correlation analysis of differential metabolites with blood glucose and blood lipids. The result showed that the FBG-related pathways include glycerophospholipid metabolism and glutathione metabolism. TG-related pathways include glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism. TC-related pathways include D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism. LDL-related pathway include glycerophospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: Eating more refined rice may increase blood sugar, brown rice helps to maintain a relatively low blood lipid level. Glycerol phospholipid metabolism is a common pathway that rice affects blood glucose and blood lipid metabolism in normal rats.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of whole grain rice on blood sugar, blood lipid and metabonomics compared with ordinary feed and refined rice. METHODS: According to the initial body weight and fasting blood glucose, 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, RG-rice group and WG-rice group, fed with AIN-93 G feed, feeds prepared with refined rice flour or brown rice flour, respectively, for 18 weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment, abdominal aortic blood was taken to measure blood glucose and blood lipids, and untargeted metabolomics was performed. RESULTS: During the experiment, the body weight growth and food intake of rats in each group were basically the same. Fasting blood glucose(FBG) in RG-rice group were(10.12±1.51)mmol/L, which were significantly higher than those in other groups, hepatic glycogen in RG-rice group were(0.90±0.33)mg/g, which were significantly higher than those in WG-rice group. TC and LDL in RG-rice group were(1.85±0.21)mmol/L and(0.84±0.10)mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in control group and RG-rice group(P& lt; 0.05). The non-targeted metabolomics result were compared in pairs. A total of 30 metabolic differences were found between the control and RG-rice groups, involving 8 potential pathways, 12 metabolic differences were found between the control and WG-rice groups, involving 2 potential pathways, 18 metabolic differences were found between the RG-rice and WG-rice groups, involving 4 potential pathways. Pathway enrichment was performed again according to the correlation analysis of differential metabolites with blood glucose and blood lipids. The result showed that the FBG-related pathways include glycerophospholipid metabolism and glutathione metabolism. TG-related pathways include glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism. TC-related pathways include D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism. LDL-related pathway include glycerophospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: Eating more refined rice may increase blood sugar, brown rice helps to maintain a relatively low blood lipid level. Glycerol phospholipid metabolism is a common pathway that rice affects blood glucose and blood lipid metabolism in normal rats.
Entities:
Keywords:
brown rice; glucose and lipid metabolism; metabolomics; whole grain