Xuren Wang1,2, Demeng Xia3,4, Panyu Zhou4, Li Gui1, Yixin Wang1. 1. Emergency Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433, PR China. 2. Nursing Department, The Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA Hainan 572000, PR China. 3. Department of Orthopaedics, The Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of PLA Zhejiang 316000, PR China. 4. Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT) is generally applied by self-aid or buddy-aid for exsanguinating extremity hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy, time and effectiveness between self-aid and buddy aid in ordinary and simulated scenarios. METHODS: A total of 64 undergraduates from the Red Cross Commando of a military medical university participated in this study, which involved ordinary and simulated scenarios. In each scenario, every participant completed tourniquet application to upper and lower extremities by self-aid and buddy-aid, respectively. Measures of time, accuracy and effectiveness were assessed by an examiner identically after each application. RESULTS: Compared with the performance of CAT application by buddy-aid, the time of application to upper extremities by self-aid increased by 8.39 s (P<0.001) and 3.24 s to lower extremities (P<0.05), and the percentage of pulse elimination by self-aid declined by 13.29% and 10.93% to both upper and lower extremities, respectively (P<0.05). Simulated combat performance showed longer time and lower accuracy (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesized different performances between self-aid and buddy-aid, as well as between ordinary and simulated scenarios were verified in this study, indicating the need for superior tourniquet design for self-aid and rigorous deployment readiness training, especially for self-aid in tourniquet application. AJTR
OBJECTIVES: Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT) is generally applied by self-aid or buddy-aid for exsanguinating extremity hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy, time and effectiveness between self-aid and buddy aid in ordinary and simulated scenarios. METHODS: A total of 64 undergraduates from the Red Cross Commando of a military medical university participated in this study, which involved ordinary and simulated scenarios. In each scenario, every participant completed tourniquet application to upper and lower extremities by self-aid and buddy-aid, respectively. Measures of time, accuracy and effectiveness were assessed by an examiner identically after each application. RESULTS: Compared with the performance of CAT application by buddy-aid, the time of application to upper extremities by self-aid increased by 8.39 s (P<0.001) and 3.24 s to lower extremities (P<0.05), and the percentage of pulse elimination by self-aid declined by 13.29% and 10.93% to both upper and lower extremities, respectively (P<0.05). Simulated combat performance showed longer time and lower accuracy (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesized different performances between self-aid and buddy-aid, as well as between ordinary and simulated scenarios were verified in this study, indicating the need for superior tourniquet design for self-aid and rigorous deployment readiness training, especially for self-aid in tourniquet application. AJTR
Authors: John F Kragh; Michelle L O'Neill; Thomas J Walters; Michael A Dubick; David G Baer; Charles E Wade; John B Holcomb; Lorne H Blackbourne Journal: Mil Med Date: 2011-10 Impact factor: 1.437
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