Hiroaki Kitaoka1, Hiroyuki Tsutsui2, Toru Kubo1, Tomomi Ide2, Taishiro Chikamori3, Keiichi Fukuda4, Noboru Fujino5, Taiki Higo6, Mitsuaki Isobe7, Chizuko Kamiya8, Seiya Kato9, Yasuki Kihara10, Koichiro Kinugawa11, Shintaro Kinugawa2, Shigetoyo Kogaki12, Issei Komuro13, Nobuhisa Hagiwara14, Minoru Ono15, Yuichiro Maekawa16, Shigeru Makita17, Yoshiro Matsui18, Shouji Matsushima2, Yasushi Sakata19, Yoshiki Sawa20, Wataru Shimizu21, Kunihiko Teraoka22, Miyuki Tsuchihashi-Makaya23, Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda24, Masafumi Watanabe25, Michihiro Yoshimura26, Arata Fukusima27, Satoshi Hida28, Shungo Hikoso19, Teruhiko Imamura11, Hiroko Ishida29, Makoto Kawai26, Toshiro Kitagawa30, Takashi Kohno31, Satoshi Kurisu30, Yoji Nagata32, Makiko Nakamura11, Hiroyuki Morita13, Hitoshi Takano33, Tsuyoshi Shiga34, Yasuyoshi Takei3, Shinsuke Yuasa4, Teppei Yamamoto21, Tetsu Watanabe25, Takashi Akasaka35, Yoshinori Doi36, Takeshi Kimura37, Masafumi Kitakaze38, Masami Kosuge39, Morimasa Takayama22, Hitonobu Tomoike7. 1. Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University. 2. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University. 3. Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital. 4. Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine. 5. Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science. 6. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences. 7. Sakakibara Heart Institute. 8. Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center. 9. Division of Pathology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital. 10. Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital. 11. Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama. 12. Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Osaka General Medical Center. 13. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 14. Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University. 15. Department of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital. 16. Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. 17. Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Saitama International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University. 18. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hanaoka Seishu Memorial Hospital. 19. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. 20. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. 21. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School. 22. Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute. 23. School of Nursing, Kitasato University. 24. Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center. 25. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine. 26. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine. 27. Asabu Heart & Gastrointestinal Clinic. 28. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University. 29. Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital. 30. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences. 31. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine. 32. Division of Cardiology, Fukui CardioVascular Center. 33. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital. 34. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The Jikei University School of Medicine. 35. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University. 36. Department of Medicine, Chikamori Hospital. 37. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine. 38. Department of Cardiology, Hanwa Daini Senboku Hospital. 39. Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center.