Yongwoo Kim1,2, Marie Luby2, Nina-Serena Burkett3, Gina Norato4, Richard Leigh2,5, Clinton B Wright2, Kyle C Kern2, Amie W Hsia1,2, John K Lynch2, Malik M Adil2,5, Lawrence L Latour2. 1. Comprehensive Stroke Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA. 2. Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 3. Department of Neurology, Atrium Health Neuroscience Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. 4. Office of Biostatistics, Clinical Trials Unit, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 5. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The absence of an ischemic lesion on MRI fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is helpful in predicting stroke onset within 4.5 h. However, some ischemic strokes become visible on FLAIR within 4.5 h. We hypothesized that the early lesion visibility on FLAIR may predict stroke outcome 90 days after intravenous (IV) thrombolysis, independent of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from acute ischemic stroke patients presenting over the last 10 years who were screened with MRI and treated with IV thrombolysis within 4.5 h from onset. Three independent readers assessed whether ischemic lesions seen on diffusion-weighted imaging were also FLAIR positive based on visual inspection. Multivariable regression analyses were used to obtain an adjusted odds ratio of favorable clinical and radiological outcomes based on FLAIR positivity. RESULTS: Of 297 ischemic stroke patients, 25% had lesion visibility on initial FLAIR. The interrater agreement for the FLAIR positivity assessment was 84% (κ = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.557-0.652). Patients with FLAIR-positive lesions had more right hemispheric strokes (57 vs. 41%, p = 0.045), were imaged later (129 vs. 104 min, p = 0.036), and had less frequent favorable 90-day functional outcome (49 vs. 63%, p = 0.028), less frequent early neurologic improvement (30 vs. 58%, p = 0.001), and more frequent contrast extravasation to the cerebrospinal fluid space (44 vs. 26%, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Early development of stroke lesion on FLAIR within 4.5 h of onset is associated with reduced likelihood of favorable 90-day outcome after IV thrombolysis. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
INTRODUCTION: The absence of an ischemic lesion on MRI fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is helpful in predicting stroke onset within 4.5 h. However, some ischemic strokes become visible on FLAIR within 4.5 h. We hypothesized that the early lesion visibility on FLAIR may predict stroke outcome 90 days after intravenous (IV) thrombolysis, independent of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from acute ischemic stroke patients presenting over the last 10 years who were screened with MRI and treated with IV thrombolysis within 4.5 h from onset. Three independent readers assessed whether ischemic lesions seen on diffusion-weighted imaging were also FLAIR positive based on visual inspection. Multivariable regression analyses were used to obtain an adjusted odds ratio of favorable clinical and radiological outcomes based on FLAIR positivity. RESULTS: Of 297 ischemic stroke patients, 25% had lesion visibility on initial FLAIR. The interrater agreement for the FLAIR positivity assessment was 84% (κ = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.557-0.652). Patients with FLAIR-positive lesions had more right hemispheric strokes (57 vs. 41%, p = 0.045), were imaged later (129 vs. 104 min, p = 0.036), and had less frequent favorable 90-day functional outcome (49 vs. 63%, p = 0.028), less frequent early neurologic improvement (30 vs. 58%, p = 0.001), and more frequent contrast extravasation to the cerebrospinal fluid space (44 vs. 26%, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Early development of stroke lesion on FLAIR within 4.5 h of onset is associated with reduced likelihood of favorable 90-day outcome after IV thrombolysis. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
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