Shaun Y M Teo1, Jill A Kanaley2, Kym J Guelfi3, James A Dimmock4, Ben Jackson5, Timothy J Fairchild6. 1. Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Australia; The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Australia. Electronic address: y.teo@murdoch.edu.au. 2. Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, USA. Electronic address: kanaleyj@missouri.edu. 3. School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: kym.guelfi@uwa.edu.au. 4. Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Australia. Electronic address: james.dimmock@jcu.edu.au. 5. School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Australia. Electronic address: ben.jackson@uwa.edu.au. 6. Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Australia; The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Australia. Electronic address: t.fairchild@murdoch.edu.au.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of diurnal exercise timing on appetite, energy intake and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity. METHODS:Forty sedentary, individuals with overweight or obesity (17 males, 23 females; age: 51 ± 13 years; BMI: 30.9 ± 4.2 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to complete a 12-week supervised multi-modal exercise training program performed either in the morning (amEX) or evening (pmEX). Outcome measures included appetite in response to a standardised test meal, daily energy intake (EI), body weight and body composition. Measures of dietary behaviour were assessed at baseline and post-intervention, along with habitual physical activity, sleep quality and sleep quantity. Significance was set at p ≤ .05 and Hedge's g effect sizes were calculated. RESULTS: Regardless of timing, exercise training increased perceived fullness (AUC; g = 0.82-1.67; both p < .01), decreased daily EI (g = 0.73-0.93; both p < .01) and body-fat (g = 0.29-0.32; both p <. 01). The timing of exercise did not change the daily EI or body-fat response to training (all p ≥ .27), however, perceived fullness increased in the amEX group (p ≤ .01). DISINHIBITION: (g = 0.35-1.95; p ≤ .01) and Hunger (g = 0.05-0.4; p = .02) behaviours decreased following exercise training, with Disinhibition demonstrating greater improvements in the pmEX group (p = .01). Objective and subjective sleep quantity increased with training (all p ≤ .01), but sleep quality was not reported to change. CONCLUSIONS:Multi-modal exercise training improved body composition and some appetite outcomes, although changes were inconsistent and largely independent of exercise-timing. In the absence of dietary manipulation, the effect of diurnal exercise timing on appetite and body composition appear trivial compared to the overall benefits of exercise participation.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of diurnal exercise timing on appetite, energy intake and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity. METHODS: Forty sedentary, individuals with overweight or obesity (17 males, 23 females; age: 51 ± 13 years; BMI: 30.9 ± 4.2 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to complete a 12-week supervised multi-modal exercise training program performed either in the morning (amEX) or evening (pmEX). Outcome measures included appetite in response to a standardised test meal, daily energy intake (EI), body weight and body composition. Measures of dietary behaviour were assessed at baseline and post-intervention, along with habitual physical activity, sleep quality and sleep quantity. Significance was set at p ≤ .05 and Hedge's g effect sizes were calculated. RESULTS: Regardless of timing, exercise training increased perceived fullness (AUC; g = 0.82-1.67; both p < .01), decreased daily EI (g = 0.73-0.93; both p < .01) and body-fat (g = 0.29-0.32; both p <. 01). The timing of exercise did not change the daily EI or body-fat response to training (all p ≥ .27), however, perceived fullness increased in the amEX group (p ≤ .01). DISINHIBITION: (g = 0.35-1.95; p ≤ .01) and Hunger (g = 0.05-0.4; p = .02) behaviours decreased following exercise training, with Disinhibition demonstrating greater improvements in the pmEX group (p = .01). Objective and subjective sleep quantity increased with training (all p ≤ .01), but sleep quality was not reported to change. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-modal exercise training improved body composition and some appetite outcomes, although changes were inconsistent and largely independent of exercise-timing. In the absence of dietary manipulation, the effect of diurnal exercise timing on appetite and body composition appear trivial compared to the overall benefits of exercise participation.
Authors: Seth A Creasy; Liza Wayland; Shelby L Panter; Sarah A Purcell; Rebecca Rosenberg; Erik A Willis; Bethelhem Shiferaw; Laura Grau; Matthew J Breit; Daniel H Bessesen; Edward L Melanson; Victoria A Catenacci Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-02-15 Impact factor: 5.717