Egor M Chumakov1,2, Yulia V Ashenbrenner1, Nataliia N Petrova2, Michael S Zastrozhin3,4, Larisa A Azarova1, Oleg V Limankin1,5,6. 1. Day in-Patient Clinic, St. Petersburg Psychiatric Hospital No 1 named after P.P. Kaschenko, St. Petersburg, Russia. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. 3. Department of Addictology, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia. 4. Department of Addictology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia. 5. Department of Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology and Sexology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia. 6. Department of Social Psychiatry and Psychology, St. Petersburg Institute of Postgraduate Improvement of Physicians-experts of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Abstract
Purpose: As we still do not know enough about the mental health concerns of gender minority people in Russia, there is a need to initiate research on these issues. We aimed to examine the frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms in a Russian sample of transgender people. Methods: The study consisted of a structured online survey and was conducted throughout November 2019. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used for online screening of anxiety and depression symptoms. A total of 588 transgender adults living in all Federal Districts of Russia (mean age 24.0 ± standard deviation 6.7) was included in the final analysis. Results: It was found that 45.1% (n = 265) and 24.0% (n = 141) of transgender people had clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. No statistically significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression were found among those who identified as a transgender man, a transgender woman, or other transgender identities. The anxiety and depression mean scores in the sample were statistically significantly higher than in the general Russian population (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the level of depression and anxiety symptoms among respondents in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and other Russian cities. Conclusions: We found high rates of clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety among transgender people, consistent with international research. The study highlights the need for further research on the psychological well-being and mental health of transgender people, and the availability of psychiatric care to transgender people living in Russia.
Purpose: As we still do not know enough about the mental health concerns of gender minority people in Russia, there is a need to initiate research on these issues. We aimed to examine the frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms in a Russian sample of transgender people. Methods: The study consisted of a structured online survey and was conducted throughout November 2019. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used for online screening of anxiety and depression symptoms. A total of 588 transgender adults living in all Federal Districts of Russia (mean age 24.0 ± standard deviation 6.7) was included in the final analysis. Results: It was found that 45.1% (n = 265) and 24.0% (n = 141) of transgender people had clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. No statistically significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression were found among those who identified as a transgender man, a transgender woman, or other transgender identities. The anxiety and depression mean scores in the sample were statistically significantly higher than in the general Russian population (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the level of depression and anxiety symptoms among respondents in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and other Russian cities. Conclusions: We found high rates of clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety among transgender people, consistent with international research. The study highlights the need for further research on the psychological well-being and mental health of transgender people, and the availability of psychiatric care to transgender people living in Russia.
Entities:
Keywords:
anxiety; depression; health care policy; transgender people
Authors: E Coleman; A E Radix; W P Bouman; G R Brown; A L C de Vries; M B Deutsch; R Ettner; L Fraser; M Goodman; J Green; A B Hancock; T W Johnson; D H Karasic; G A Knudson; S F Leibowitz; H F L Meyer-Bahlburg; S J Monstrey; J Motmans; L Nahata; T O Nieder; S L Reisner; C Richards; L S Schechter; V Tangpricha; A C Tishelman; M A A Van Trotsenburg; S Winter; K Ducheny; N J Adams; T M Adrián; L R Allen; D Azul; H Bagga; K Başar; D S Bathory; J J Belinky; D R Berg; J U Berli; R O Bluebond-Langner; M-B Bouman; M L Bowers; P J Brassard; J Byrne; L Capitán; C J Cargill; J M Carswell; S C Chang; G Chelvakumar; T Corneil; K B Dalke; G De Cuypere; E de Vries; M Den Heijer; A H Devor; C Dhejne; A D'Marco; E K Edmiston; L Edwards-Leeper; R Ehrbar; D Ehrensaft; J Eisfeld; E Elaut; L Erickson-Schroth; J L Feldman; A D Fisher; M M Garcia; L Gijs; S E Green; B P Hall; T L D Hardy; M S Irwig; L A Jacobs; A C Janssen; K Johnson; D T Klink; B P C Kreukels; L E Kuper; E J Kvach; M A Malouf; R Massey; T Mazur; C McLachlan; S D Morrison; S W Mosser; P M Neira; U Nygren; J M Oates; J Obedin-Maliver; G Pagkalos; J Patton; N Phanuphak; K Rachlin; T Reed; G N Rider; J Ristori; S Robbins-Cherry; S A Roberts; K A Rodriguez-Wallberg; S M Rosenthal; K Sabir; J D Safer; A I Scheim; L J Seal; T J Sehoole; K Spencer; C St Amand; T D Steensma; J F Strang; G B Taylor; K Tilleman; G G T'Sjoen; L N Vala; N M Van Mello; J F Veale; J A Vencill; B Vincent; L M Wesp; M A West; J Arcelus Journal: Int J Transgend Health Date: 2022-09-06