Diversity and phylogeny of percolomonads based on newly discovered species from hypersaline and marine waters.

Percolomonads are common freshwater, marine and hypersaline tetraflagellated organisms. Current phylogenetic analyses of eukaryotes comprise only two species of this underinvestigated family. Here, we studied the morphology, salinity tolerance and 18S rDNA gene-based phylogeny of seven percolomonad cultures. We describe three new genera and five novel species of Percolomonadida based on phylogenetic distances and morphological characteristics: Barbelia atlantica, B. abyssalis, Lula jakobsenorum, Nakurumonas serrata and Percolomonas doradorae. The new species show features typical for percolomonads, one long flagellum for skidding, three shorter flagella of equal length and a ventral feeding groove. The new species comprise organisms living in marine and athalassic hypersaline waters with salinity ranging from 10 to 150 PSU. Based on these novel taxa, the taxonomy and phylogeny of Percolatea was extended and further resolved.